In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficient and the Most Merciful Free Essays

string(122) " out review of subsequent events: | | | | |In a review engagement auditor is not responsible to review subsequent events\." |Ans. 1 |(a) |Quality Control Issues: | | | | |While assigning the audit work to Mr. Manzoor Nazar, the firm ignored the threat which existed due to his earlier | | | | |intention to join WL as an employee. We will write a custom essay sample on In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficient and the Most Merciful or any similar topic only for you Order Now | | | | |Mr. Manzoor also failed to update the firm about this matter, due to which firm could not ascertain the self-interest | | | | |threat to independence and objectivity of the engagement partner. | | | |Engagement partner did not ensure the engagement reviewer had been appointed. As a result, significant matters arising | | | | |during the audit could not be discussed or resolved. | | | | |No consultation was undertaken on impairment loss issue, which was contentious and material. | | | | |It appears that engagement partner resolved the difference of opinion between the team member and the job in charge by | | | | |imposing his decision without satisfying the team member. No avenue was available to the team member to assert his | | | | |opinion. | | | | | | | | | |The following Risk Factors do not seem to have been considered: | | | | |Change in Board of Directors and significant change in Management. | | | | |Valuation of plant and machinery was being done by an employee who may have been an expert but his independence was | | | | |questionable. | | | |Sudden change of assessment in the valuation creates doubts on the reliability of the work done. | | | | |Informing stock exchanges about impairment loss, uncertainty on fair value of plant and machinery, issue of right | | | | |shares at declined market price and acquisition of right shares by directors and their associates point to an apparent | | | | |motive of the Board of directors to accumulate WL’s shares at low price. | | | | | | |` | |Deficiencies in Audit Approach: | | | | |In view of the management’s perceived motive of presenting poor financial position to affect the market price, the | | | | |representation by the management as regards impairment of plant and machinery is not a reliable evidence. | | | |Opinion of the internal expert seems to have been influenced by the directors and the management. Thus, it should not | | | | |have been considered as appropriate evidence. | | | | |Due consideration was not given to the auditor’s previous knowledge and evidences that were already available in | | | | |previous year’s working paper files. | | | |Audit opinion on a significant matter was formed without corroborating other evidences. | | | | | | | | | |Recommendation: | | | | |An independent valuation expert be appointed to form an opinion on valuation of plant and machinery. | | | | | | | | |If independent valuation supports the opinion of the internal expert, | | | | |ascertain whether or not valuation done in previous year was erroneous. | | | |In case of error in previous years, comparative financial statements be amended after compl etion of valuation exercise. | | | | | | | | | |In case valuation exercise cannot be completed, the audit report should contain an emphasis of matter paragraph on | | | | |significant uncertainty. | | | | | | | | |If independent valuation does not support the opinion of the internal expert, the auditor should | | | | |Re-assess the risk of fraudulent misstatement by management and those charged with governance. | | | |Consider whether misstatement due to fraud involves higher management and those charged with governance, in which case | | | | |the firm may consider withdrawal from the engagement. | | |Ans. 2 |As soon as we come to know about the above stated facts, we should immediately contact the client and inform them that unless | | | |the auditors have signed their report on the financial statements, such financial statements will remain and be deemed | | | |unaudited. | | | | | | |SECP should be informed about the situation | | | | | | | |Legal opinion should be taken. | | | | | | | |The auditor may take necessary steps to inform the shareholders either immediately or in the AGM about the possible impact on | | | |the financial statements. | | | | | | | | | |Ans. 3 |(i) |Evidence of subsequent recovery of long outstanding debt will be evaluated. | | | | |If the evidence of recovery is sufficient and appropriate, the financial statements will be revised and issued to the | | | | |shareholders along with a fresh auditors’ report. | | | |In case of disagreement with the management on this issue, the auditor will issue a qualified opinion; and will also | | | | |take necessary actions to prevent reliance on the previous report. | | | | |If the evidence is not sufficient or appropriate, the management will be asked to change the director’s report. | | | | | | | | |(ii) |Reason for decline in sales is a matter of opinion and will have no impact on audit. | | | | | | | |(iii) |The figure presented on graph may be due to typographical mistak e, correction of which should be communicated to the | | | | |users. In case of disagreement with the management an emphasis of matter paragraph will have to be included in the | | | | |audit report. However, if the figure is correct on the graph, the error in previous period will have to be rectified | | | | |retrospectively. In case of disagreement opinion will be appropriately qualified. | | | | | | | | |(iv) |The matter of acquisition of a sick unit will be discussed with the management, as it is a material misstatement of | | | | |fact (although not affecting the financial statements). In case of disagreement, auditor will seek legal opinion. | | | | | | | | | | | | |Ans. |The implications of the various issues referred to in the question, on the auditor report, are discussed hereunder: | | | |(i) |Failure to observe stock count: | | | | |Ordinarily the auditor is not required to perform the procedure of observation for obtaining evidence in a review | | | | |engagement. | | | | |Analytical procedure will be sufficient in this case. | | | |There will be no implication on auditor’s review report. | | | | | | | | |(ii) |Exposure to significant exchange rate risk: | | | | |Auditor is not supposed to give any assurance on the adequacy of the management’s risk management activities. | | | |Auditor is responsible to assess whether the derivatives, as discussed, have been accounted for and presented | | | | |according to the requirement of the International Financial Reporting Standards. | | | | |However, if open position casts a significant threat to t he viability of the company’s business, the auditor may draw | | | | |the attention of the reader of conclusion report by adding an emphasis of matter paragraph in the report. | | | | | | | | | | | | |(iii) |Sale of one of the company’s set-up to an associated undertaking: | | | | |The information about the sale of the business segment to a related party is necessary for understanding the changes | | | | |in financial position. Therefore, an explanatory note should be included in the condensed financial statements. | | | |Ordinarily the auditor is not required to corroborate the evidence provided by the management. | | | | |In case management refuses to disclose this information, suitable modification will be considered. | | | | | | | | |(iv) |Discontinuation of the practice of using Age Analysis for bad debts estimation: | | | | |Apparently, bad debt provision is following the historical trend. The auditor is required to persue inquiry and | | | | |analytically re view procedures in a review engagement. | | | | | | | | |If the results of such procedures are satisfactory, then no further procedures are required. Accordingly age analysis | | | | |for estimating bad debts is not mandatory in this situation. | | | | | | | | | |There will be no implication on audit report. | | | | | | | | |(v) |Failure to carry out review of subsequent events: | | | | |In a review engagement auditor is not responsible to review subsequent events. You read "In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficient and the Most Merciful" in category "Papers" | | | |Management is inquired about the procedure it has followed to identify subsequent adjusting event. | | | | | | | | | |There will be no implication on audit report. | | | | | | | | | | |Ans. 5 |Audit procedure to verify Provision for sales return: | | | |Apparently, the provision made by the company has no plausible basis. | | |The actual returns during the year are Rs. 130 million as against the total sales of Rs. 6 50 million. If the sales and sales | | | |returns are made evenly throughout the year, a plain application of return percentage suggests that the provision should be | | | |nearly Rs. 32. 5 million. | | | |In the above circumstances the auditor should obtain an understanding of the entity’s assumptions on which estimate is based. | | | |If the basis is considered inappropriate, the auditor should make a revised estimate either on his own or by using expert | | | |opinion. The estimate should be based on: | | | |industry practice and trend of sales return; | | | |comparison of industry and company’s terms of sale; | | | |Trend of sales return in the company i. e. sales return with-in first 15 days; between 16 to 30 days; between 31 – 45 and so on. | | | |Own estimate prepared on the above assumptions will be compared with management’s estimates. If the difference is material, the| | | |management will be asked to explain. | | | |Subsequent sales returns up to the date of authorization will also provide an evidence about the reasonableness or otherwise of| | | |the management’s estimate. | | | | | | | | | | |Ans. 6 |(a) |Verbal confirmation from Local Government as regards the resolution of dispute on capital adequacy and price | | | | |computation of cement, will not be considered as appropriate/sufficient audit evidence. | | | | |Refusal of written confirmation is a scope limitation and unless other appropriate evidence i s available the report | | | | |will need to be modified. | | | |Management’s intention to use the auditor’s report for the purpose of dealing with the local government is beyond the| | | | |scope of the engagement. Therefore, the auditor’s report should specify the agreed intended use thereof. | | | | |Interpretations given in Regulation JKL, 1961 were used to form the opinion on compliance relating to minimum | | | | |inventory level and price computation. Therefore, the Regulation should also be referred to in the report for better | | | | |understanding of the assurance. | | | | |Not renewing performance guarantee is a clear non-compliance which needs to be reported as qualification. | | | |Decision to keep the inventory with distributors could not be considered as a non-compliance because these are | | | | |covered under binding contracts and the purpose of the arrangement is also mentioned in the contract. | | | | | | | | |(b) |We have audited Cement Limit ed’s compliance with certain covenants of cement supply agreement No. XYZ/2004 dated | | | | |November 03, 2004 read with Local Regulation JKL 1961, executed between the company and the Local Government. The | | | | |purpose of the report is to fulfill the condition attached to an application to be filed with the Provincial | | | | |Government to obtain a cement supply contract. | | | | | | | | |We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing-800 â€Å"The Independent Auditor’s Report | | | | |on Special Purpose Audit Engagement† applicable to compliance auditing. | | | | | | | | | |The Standard requires that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance as to whether Cement Limited | | | | |has complied with the agreement referred to in preceding paragraph. An audit ncludes examining appropriate evidence | | | | |on a test basis. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion . We report that: | | | | | | | | | |We could not directly confirm, from the Local Government, the status of non-compliance of capital adequacy and price | | | | |computation of ‘quick-set cement’. | | | | |The company failed to maintain a performance guarantee with a scheduled bank, which is a violation of the agreement. | | | | | | | | |In our opinion, except for the effect on the overall compliance, if any, as might have been determined, had we been | | | | |able to obtain the confirmation from the Local Government in respect of capital adequacy and price computation of | | | | |quick-set cement and the non-compliance stated in paragraph (b) above, as of December 31, 2007, the Company was, in | | | | |all material respects, in compliance with the covenants of price computation, minimum inventory level and other | | | | |matters related to financial reporting of the agreement referred to in the preceding paragraphs. | | | | | | | | |AUDITOR | | | | |Date | | | | |Address | | | | | | | | |C |Views of the management on job time: | | | | |It is true that auditors have already reviewed the subject agreement during the audit of the financial statements. | | | |However, the review was different in nature as discussed below: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Materiality was set on the basis of certain values of |Materiality was set on the basis of principles agreed at | | | | |financial statements. |the time of engagement. | | | | | | | | | | |During the audit only those clauses of the agreement would|In the given engagement the auditors were required to | | | | |have been studied which could impact the revenue and |obtain assurance about the management’s claim of | | | | |expenditure and risk of loss. compliance with all the clauses which may or may not have | | | | | |significant financial impact on the company. | | | | | | | | | | |The agreement was among one of the very |Since only this agreement was the subject of the auditor’s| | | | |large number of documents that could have required |report, it required far extensive examination. | | | | |auditors’ attention. Hence only a general review of the | | | | | |same was required. | | | | | | | | | | | |Due to these differences the nature and extent of examination of agreement was much larger in this engagement than in| | | | |audit. Accordingly, considerable time was required to complete the engagement. | | | | | | | | |(d) |Appointment of Mr. Sharif | | | | |Since Mr. Sharif was also the engagement partner on the audit of Cement Ltd. , his appointment for this assignment may| | | | |result in self review threat. | | | | | | | | | | | | |Ans. 7 |(a) |The matters which should be considered while accepting the assignment and assigning the job to Mr. Umer are as | | | | |follows: | | | | | | | | | |Acceptance of engagement: | | | | |Client acceptance consideration, such as, integrity of management, expertise available in firm etc will be given. | | | | |Whether the assumptions being used are clearly realistic. | | | | |Whether the time limit prescribed by the Board of Directors is sufficient. | | | | |Whether the projected financial statements and auditor’s report will be appropriate for the intended use. | | | | |Although the firm is legally allowed to accept the assignment, adequate safeguards should be considered n view of | | | | |the fact that one of the partners wife had financial interest in the entity and close family relations with the CFO | | | | |of the company. | | | | |There should be an agreement with the management that abridged projections must contain a caution for shareholders | | | | |that for better understanding complete set of prospective financial statements be referred. | | | | |Firm should also consider whether it will be able to carry out the engagement with due professional competence even | | | | |if Mr. Umer is unable to be the engagement partner. | | | | | | | | |Assigning the job to Mr. Umer: | | | | |Since the wife of Mr. Umer has financial interest in the company as a shareholder, Mr. Umer is not | | | | |expected to carry out the assignment with the level of objectivity required for the engagement. Therefore, he should | | | | |not be appointed as engagement partner. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |(b) |We have examined the projection of XYZ Business Segment of Fiber Limited in accordance with the International | | | | |Standard on Assurance Engagements applicable to the examination of prospective financial information. Management is | | | | |responsible for the projections including the assumptions set out in Note X on which it is based. | | | | | | | | |This projection has been prepared for assuring the viability of the segment referred to in preceding p aragraph. As | | | | |the segment is in development phase the projection has been prepared using a set of assumptions that include | | | | |hypothetical assumptions about future events and management’s action that are not necessarily expected to occur. | | | | |Consequently, the users are cautioned that the projection may not be appropriate for purposes other than those | | | | |described above. | | | | | | | | |Based on our examination of the evidence supporting the assumptions, nothing has come to our attention which causes | | | | |us to believe that these assumptions do not provide a reasonable basis for the projection. Further, in our opinion | | | | |the projection is properly prepared on the basis of the assumptions and is presented in accordance with the | | | | |International Financial Reporting Standards. | | | | | | | | |Even if the events anticipated under the hypothetical assumptions described above occur, actual results are still | | | | |likely to be different from the projection since other anticipated events frequently do not occur as expected and the| | | | |variation may be material. | | | | | | | | |(c) |The historical financial statements provide the auditors with | | | | |the knowledge of company’s business and trends and relation that would exist among the elements of financial | | | | |statements; and | | | | |a yardstick for considering management’s assumptions. | | | | | | | | |The auditors also uses historical financial statements to assess whether the prospective financial statements have | | | | |been prepared on the basis consistent with them. | | | | | | | | | | | | |Ans. |(i) |Judgmental Sampling | | | | |Advantages | | | | |Disadvantages | | | | | | | | | |As the approach is being used for many years so its well understood and refined by experience. | | | | |The auditor can bring his judgment and experience into play. | | | | |No special knowledge of statistics is required. | | | | |Time saved form non deployment of statistical methods may be spent on carrying out further audit procedures on | | | | |different areas. | | | |Saving of extra resources such as computer soft wares. | | | | |Selecting samples with large amounts facilitates greater coverage. | | | | |It is not based on any scientific technique. | | | | |No quantitative results are obtained. | | | | |Personal bias in the selection of sample is unavoidable. | | | | |There is no real logic behind the selection of the sample or its size | | | | |The conclusion reached is usually vague. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |(ii) |Statistical Sampling | | | | |Advantages | | | | |Disadvantages | | | | | | | | | |It is based on scientific techniques | | | | |Special software is available to help efficient execution | | | | |The method is impartial and can be defended easily | | | | |It provides precise mathematical statements about probabilities of being correct | | | | |The method is efficient as the same level of confidence can be achieved with a relatively smaller sample. Overlarge | | | | |sample size are not taken | | | | |The system in different audit firms tend to become standardized | | | | |It can be used by staff at all levels | | | | |It lacks flexibility | | | | |Often several attributes of transactions or documents are tested at the same time | | | | |Lacks human judgement and more reliance is placed on statistical conclusion | | | | |As the technique is not always understood, false conclusions may also be drawn. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Ans. 9 |(a) |The following issues are significant in respect of the donation of Rs. 15 million: | | | | | | | | | |Donations represent 25% of the total selling and administration expenses. | | | | |Such a huge amount of donation by a company which has already incurred a loss casts serious doubts about the motive | | | | |behind such donation. | | | | | | | | |Audit procedures to address the issue may involve the following: | | | | |Obtain information about the charitable institution i. e. it s name, nature, registration and reputation. | | | | |Scrutinize possibility of any relationship between the two organizations, their directors/trustees and their spouses | | | | |and relatives etc. | | | | |Verify mode of payment i. e. cash, bearer cheque, crossed cheque etc. | | | | |Verify approval and authorization. | | | | |Assess the relevance of the donation to the nature of business of the company. | | | | | | | |(b) |Since appropriate business consideration does not seem to be involved, mere approval by the Board would not confirm | | | | |that the expenditure has been incurred for the purpose of the company’s business. | | | | | | | | | |If the auditor is unable to satisfy himself on the above issue he will have to qualify the report by: | | | | |stating the brief facts of the case. | | | | |using the â€Å"except for† type of qualification, while certifying that the business has been conducted in accordance | | | | |with the objects of the company. | | (TH E END) How to cite In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficient and the Most Merciful, Papers

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch free essay sample

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Living on this earth is a privilege and unfortunately we sometimes take advantage of it. Stories of deforestation, air and water pollution really make a person think of just how much our planet is being harmed. A major concern is water pollution. Water covers at least 70 percent of the planet which makes our rivers, lakes, and oceans essential. Many of these bodies of water are being polluted and although they may be out of sight, they eventually help pollution increase. Actions should be made to stop the pollution of our waters before things get worse. If we want to decrease the amount of pollution it starts out by increasing the amount of recycling we do. It shouldn’t stop there. Not only should efforts to improve laws against water pollution be made but public awareness ¬Ã‚ ¬ has to be raised about this issue. It is believed that the world’s largest garbage dump isnt on land but in the Pacific Ocean. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is pretty much what it sounds like; a garbage patch way out in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. In an article posted on How Stuff Works. com it’s said that, â€Å"It stretches from the coast of California to Japan, and its estimated to be twice the size of Texas† (Silverman, Jacob). The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is located in the Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The Gyre is a spiral of currents created by a system of air currents. These air currents move in circular rotation which helps keep the garbage trapped. It’s an area filled with millions of pounds of trash with most of it being plastic. Its the largest landfill in the world, and its sitting in the middle of the ocean. Water pollution can have serious economic and health impacts by killing marine life and causing environmental harm.  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ While theres still some uncertainty of what is all in garbage patch, we do know that most of it is made of plastic. The reason plastic is such a major cause of water pollution is because unlike most other trash, plastic isnt biodegradable. This means the microbes that break down other substances dont recognize plastic as food, leaving it to float there forever. Sunlight does eventually play a part as it breaks plastic down into smaller pieces but that can just make it  worse. The plastic still never goes away it just becomes microscopic. â€Å"Of the more than 200 billion pounds of plastic the world produces each year, about 10 percent ends up in the ocean. † (Earth Magazine). Most of that plastic eventually sinks, damaging life on the ocean floor. The plastic that floats ends up in gyres, and settle in massive garbage patches that form there, much like the Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Plastic is a very useful material but when in the ocean, it endangers animal life. Small surface debris, mostly plastic resin pellets are a common piece of marine debris. Because they are so small they can easily get lost along the way, washing through the water with other plastics and into the sea. Pollution like this is causing harm to sea animals such as the seabird; the albatross. The albatross scoops its food from the ocean and without knowing picks up trash along the way. Plastic debris along with other garbage is then fed to its young mistakenly for food. â€Å"Of the 500,000 albatross chicks born here each year, about 200,000 die, mostly from dehydration or starvation. A two-year study funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency showed that chicks that died from those causes had twice as much plastic in their stomachs as those that died for other reasons. † (Weiss R. Kenneth, New York Times). The altraboss isn’t the only animal suffering from this source of pollution. In the article â€Å"â€Å"The growing number of abandoned plastic fishing nets is one of the greatest dangers from marine debris†, says Bamford, and (Bamford, Holly 2009). The nets entangle seals, sea turtles and other animals and can often result in drowning them. Because fishermen are now using plastic for its low cost, abandon nets can continue fishing on their own for months or even years. This can cause harm to any animal but sea turtles seem especially susceptible. Not only are they entangled by fishing nets, they often swallow plastic bags, mistaking them for jellyfish. They can also get caught up in a variety of other objects, and there has been stories heard of snapping turtle that grow up with a plastic ring around their bodies. As a society as whole we tend to generate a lot of trash. There’s no stopping the amount of trash that piles up, but we can decide what we do with it. In order to decrease water pollution the amount of recycling has to increase. Recycling doesn’t have to be difficult and it’s something that can be done right at home. Different sorts of plastic, aluminum cans, and steel are all valuable recyclables. Instead of just having a basic trash can, there can be a recycling bin right next to it or in a common place like the kitchen. If more households decide to take action and make recycling a habit it can have one of the most beneficial outcomes towards our environment. When a product is recycled it is turned back into its raw form. That can later be used to create a new and different product. Recycling can also take place outside of the home. Environmental groups and organizations have been doing their efforts to help clean this place up little by little. People who have the privilege to live by some of our waters, like an ocean or even lakes and rivers can do their part to contribute by removing waste on shore. This most likely won’t be rewarded but the fact that it’s a step in helping our environment should be satisfactory enough. When we recycle not only are we conserving natural resources but it can significantly reduce additional waste. Most importantly, this means that less waste ends up in our oceans. Along with recycling, laws should be enforced in efforts to improve water pollution. It can start by raising fines on pollution. Dumping waste like toxins and plastics into the ocean is a serious problem and should be dealt with properly. Companies and businesses that carelessly let harmful chemicals and products contaminate water which flows back into rivers and streams should be disciplined. An example is nuclear power plants which are very harmful to the environment as it is. These companies release radiated water into lakes and rivers near without even thinking about the consequences. These rivers can flow to larger bodies of water and ultimately cause a negative impact on society. Toxic waste can be very harmful forms of pollution towards animals and humans. †When toxic waste harms an organism, it can quickly be passed along the food chain and may eventually end up being our seafood. † (Oracle Education Foundation). The elimination of plastic bags should also be considered. â€Å"During 2009’s International Coastal Cleanup, the Ocean Conservancy found that plastic bags were the second-most common kind of waste found, at 1 out of ten items picked up and tallied† (Clean Air Council). Banning plastic grocery bags would decrease the amount of plastic that ends up in waste. We amazingly still produce more than 260 million tons of plastic each year† (Earth Magazine). Straying away from unneeded plastics would be a major change and one for the better. This problem won’t go away unless awareness is raised. There are many originations out there with the main goal of helping our environment. Organizations like the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) are trying to find ways to improve our water system. Charity to these types of organizations is key way to help raise awareness. There are many websites out there that help provide information about what exactly is polluting our waters and ways to prevent it from happening. Sites like â€Å"American Rivers. org† and â€Å"Bio Process H20† offer tips and solutions to help decrease sources of pollution. There’s always articles, newspapers, etc. that deal with helping the environment and the importance of recycling so that shouldn’t be a problem to find out. We are the ones who live on this earth so if we don’t take care of it, we are the ones who will have to deal with those consequences. Water is one of the most important parts of our lives so why not try to make a change for the better. The pollution to our water not only hurts the environment as a whole, but it can cause major damage to animal life and even humans. There are many ways to take action to this problem so why not do so. To ¬Ã‚ ¬ decrease the amount of pollution in our waters we need to recycle more, improve laws against water pollution and raise public awareness about this problem. We can each help out in our own way and little by little, we can make a positive impact on earth’s water supply.

Sapporo beer Essay Example

Sapporo beer Paper Target market Japans Sapporo Holdings said on Thursday it would enter the Vietnamese market by taking a 65 percent stake in a beer Joint venture with Vietnam National Tobacco Corp to tap its fast-growing market. It marks the first major overseas expansion in three years by Sapporo, the smallest of Japans four major brewers, as bigger rivals Kirin and Suntory have been aggressively snapping up overseas businesses to grow beyond a shrinking domestic market. Nietnam is Asias third-largest beer market after China and Japan and this is a fast- rowing market, said Tatsuya Komatsu, a Sapporo spokesman. The company will acquire a 50 percent stake in the venture from Danish brewer Carlsberg and 15 percent from Vietnam National Tobacco for a total of $25. 4 million. The Joint venture will build a beer factory in Vietnam and is scheduled to startselling Sapporo brand beer in early 2012, it said in a statement. The venture aims for sales in 2019 of 1 50,000 kilolitres or $128 million. Sapporo said it will actively seek further acquisition opportunities to enlarge itsoverseas business, which now accounts for less than 10 ercent of its revenues. Sapporo, the maker of Yebisu brand beer, acquired Canadian brewer Sleeman in 2006 for 30 billion yen ($340 million), but has been overshadowed by Kirin and Suntory in overseas expansion. Kirin has spent $1. 5 billion in the past two years to buy Australias National Foods and Dairy Farmers and $2. 8 billion to take full ownership of Australias No. 2 beer maker Lion Nathan. It also acquired a 49 percent stake in the Philippines San Miguel Brewery for $1. 4 billion. Asahi Breweries, locked in a fierce battle with Kirin for No. lot in Japans beer market, said recently it could spend up to 400 billion yen ($4. 6 billion) on acquisitions over the next few years, with an eye on Asian markets. The Japanese brewers have been scrambling to diversify their products and geographic reach to reduce their reliance on the domestic beer market, which has lost 15 percent in volume in the past decade as the economy sputters and the population shrinks. HA NOI † The Japanese beer maker Sapporo Hold ings plans to enter the domestic market from early 2012 through he purchase of a majority stake in Kronenbourg Viet Nam Ltd. We will write a custom essay sample on Sapporo beer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sapporo beer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sapporo beer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sapporo Holdings said it would buy a 65 per cent stake for about IJS$23 million in Kronenbourg Viet Nam, which is equally owned by Carlsberg Brewery AIS and the Viet Nam National Tobacco Corp (Vinataba). After the deal closes, which is due in January next year, a Joint venture betweenSapporo Holdings and Vinataba will be set up with the latter holding 35 per cent of the Joint ventures stake. At that time, Kronenbourg Viet Nam will change its name into Sapporo Viet Nam Ltd. Sapporo said the Joint venture would egin construction on a new plant on the outskirts of HCM City. The plant is scheduled to begin operations from 2012. Sapporo expects to earn a turnover of roughly $115 million within a decade from the Vietnamese market, with a predicted annual growth rate of more than 10 per cent for years to come. The Joint venture has targeted a market share of roughly 3 per cent in Viet Nam by 2019. Sapporo also has plans to export beer produced in Japan to Viet Nam. The Japanese offset declining beer sales in Japan due to a shrinking population and a gloomy economic outlook. ?† VNS In 2010 , Sapporo has arrived in Vietnam and established Sapporo Vietnam Co. ( a Joint venture between Tobacco Corporation Vietnam ( VINATABA ) and JSC Sapporo Holdings Ltd. or a total contribution from Japan 71 % ) . 1 1/ 2011, the Sapporo Factory in Long An Vietnam was officially put into operation . The plant has production capacity of 40 million liters / year , but to meet the goal of becoming a major production base for Southeast Asian beer market capacity will be increased gradually over the period 2015 to reach 100 milli on liters / year and in 2019 ill reach 150 million liters / year . 4/2012 , Sapporo official launch sales activities . Sapporo time in more than 4,000 retail stores , restaurants , hotels, mainly in Vietnam . Sapporo has now launched 4 product lines premium beer : Sapporo Premium Beer Bottle 330 ml , 330 ml cans of beer Sapporo Premium , Sapporo Premium Beer 650 ml silver cans and beer Sapporo Premium 20L . In particular , products Can Silver ( silver cans ) is a typical representative of elegance and luxury of Sapporo Premium Beer . This product has a higher alcohol content than other types a it , with a large capacity and a unique design that Sapporo beer can only be Sapporo is the only beer company in the world combined study of barley and hops to produce a formula to create the most perfect beer . Based on these studies , the Sapporo today have developed a new barley varieties better and Vietnam Sapporo Factory is also used . When the Vietnam market , to be able to produce beers with similar quality beers produced in Japan and in accordance with consumer tastes here , Sapporo choose the most appropriate type of yeast in 1000 different yeast pecies from the research Center of Sapporo in Japan . After Japan and Canada , Vietnam is the place where Sapporo beer factory and expect this will become the manufacturing center of the Southeast Asian market . Because Vietnam is the third largest beer market in Asia , the turnover of 3 billion liters of beer in 2020 and expected to double . Sapporo Vietnam not only passionate creative challenges overcome and the framework of the usual practice , but also to share the moments of happiness and Joy winning hand. Thats why Sapporo Premium market presence in Vietnam as a premium beer brand .

Using “Etcetera” in Academic Writing Blog at EssaySupply.com

Using â€Å"Etcetera† in Academic Writing Blog Using â€Å"Etcetera† in Academic Writing You probably know it better as â€Å"etc.† you have read things that have used it; you have probably said it yourself. You may or may not have used it in your own assignment writing, but chances are you may not be using it correctly. One of the reasons is that how to use etc. is not taught in English grammar and composition classes. But if you plan on using etcetera in academic writing, you will need to understand the rules. And that what this article is all about. So here goes. The term â€Å"et cetera† actually comes from Latin, and it means â€Å"so forth† or â€Å"and other similar things.† And using etcetera in academic writing is perfectly fine, as long as you do it right. How to Use Etc. in Lists of Things In this case, you will want to know how to use etc. at the end of a sentence and, as well, how do you use etc. in a sentence, when there is more that follows it. The important point in using etc. at the end of a list is that all things in the list must be related. Here are some examples of both situations: They can live in any body of fresh water – creeks, ponds, lakes, etc. That literature class covers fiction, non-fiction, short stories, novels, poetry, etc. We were asked to describe the emotion (anger, fear, joy, etc.) we felt when we viewed the photography. Bring any small items that may be of value - coins, stamps, jewelry, etc. to the appraiser on Thursday morning. Note that all of the items in the lists are related. Another important point in how to use etc. in a sentence is punctuation. Because it is an abbreviation, you must place a period at the end of it, no matter where it may appear. You don’t need a period if you spell it out, but be sure your spelling is correct. Excetera, etcetra, and exedra are common mis-spellings, so get it right. In the 4th example, note also that there was a dash before the list, rather than a term like â€Å"such as.† If you use â€Å"such as,† you do not need to use â€Å"etc.† because the meaning is already clear. Don’t Use Etc. More Than Once in a Sentence While using several â€Å"etc.’s† in speaking or in informal writing is often used for emphasis, using etc. in academic writing is far different. You can say to a friend, â€Å"I have to get to the grocery store, a doctor’s appointment  and my haircut appointment, write my essays before the deadline runs out, etc., etc., etc., before I can get back to home and start cleaning,† is common informal language. But in formal writing, only one â€Å"etc.† is â€Å"allowed.† Etc., How to Use When Referring to People This rule is simple. Never, never, never use etc. when referring to people. â€Å"We studied the works of Shakespeare, Milton, etc. in our English lit class,† is not acceptable. Either name them all or come up with some other term, like, â€Å"We studied all of the most famous authors in our English literature course.† Never Use â€Å"And† before â€Å"Etc.† The word â€Å"and† already implies what â€Å"etc.† means, and using it is just redundant. So, you can say, â€Å"The courses covered all of the major forms of government, including democracy, fascism, communism, monarchy, etc.,† or you can say, â€Å"The course covered all of the major forms of government, including democracy, fascism, communism, monarchy, and others.† Etc. How to Use Correct Punctuation This rule is quite simple. If you use â€Å"etc.† in the middle of a sentence, and it is not enclosed in parentheses, then you must use a comma after the abbreviation. If it is in parentheses in the middle of a sentence or at the end of a sentence, no comma is needed. Examples: Joe and I stuffed ourselves on pizza, beer, pork rinds, candy bars, etc., and we really felt it the next day. After finals were over, Joe and I stuffed ourselves on pizza, beer, pork rinds, candy bars, etc. After finals, Joe and I stuffed ourselves with every bit of junk we could find (pizza, beer, pork rinds, candy bars, etc.). Using Additional Punctuation after â€Å"Etc† Remember, â€Å"etc.† is an abbreviation, and abbreviations call for periods after them. This doesn’t mean that you don’t use any other punctuation after that period. Use all of the regular punctuation that you would if that â€Å"etc.† were just another word – question marks, exclamation points, semis: Are you going to bring the paper supplies, like plates, cups, napkins, etc.? I hate proofreading my essays, papers, etc.! We are not going to get anxious about these finals; we are not going to lose sleep, eat junk, etc.; and we are not going to go in with a defeatist attitude. In General You will not find the use of â€Å"etc.† rampant in academic writing. That is because scholarly research and writing is usually very specific and detailed and does not rely on the reader to â€Å"add† things on his own. Oh, yes, you can use it, certainly, in essays you may write for an English course. But use it sparingly in research works.

Criticl nlsys nd evlution of opertions within chosen orgniztion Essay

Criticl nlsys nd evlution of opertions within chosen orgniztion - Essay Example The ctivities within the business division comprise leding business mgzine nd informtion compnies nd worldwide exhibitions business. Ech of these mrkets is lrge nd grows t 4-7 percent nnully. Its two prent compnies--Reed Interntionl P.L.C. nd Elsevier NV--re listed on the msterdm, London, nd New York Stock Exchnges. Reed Elsevier employs over 26,000 people (1). Orgniztionl structure of Reed Elsevier cn be shped within the following four divisions: Science & Medicl, Legl, Eduction nd Business (3). Compny holds number one or two positions in ll of our key mrkets, with strong brnds, content nd mrket rech in ech. Hrcourt Eduction, Reed Elsevier's globl Eduction division, is leding publisher serving the pre-Kindergrten to Grde 12 school, ssessment nd trde publishing mrkets in the US nd primry nd secondry school mrkets interntionlly. Reed Business, Reed Elsevier's globl Business division, is provider of mgzines, exhibitions, directories, online medi nd mrketing services cross five continents. Its prestige brnds serve professionls cross diverse rnge of industries. Trnsformtion hs become wide-used word in the orgniztionl behvior industry of modern ge. There re plenty of sources which introduce nd offer different techniques nd mngement methods to encourge personl nd orgnzitionl trnsformtion. Reed Elsevier's product-mrkets re undergoing rpid nd ccelerting chnges. This mens tht Reed Elsevier will be confronted with the migrtion of informtion from print to electronic formt nd the dditionl interctivity tht electronic services offer. Bsed on this chnge, n Opertion Mnger my orient the principl objective for Reed Elsevier to being n indispensble prtner to their trget consumers for informtion-driven services tht provide solutions cross their three core res of focus. Cpitlizing on the potentil of the Internet seems to be key driver of Reed Elsevier's strtegy. cquisitions nd llinces, prticulrly in the context of Internet development, re used to reinforce Reed Elsevier's strtegy. t this moment, the three core businesses re ll trnsitioning into electronic mrkets. ll of them re becoming more globl, nd the Internet is rpidly becoming the preferred customer ccess system for ll three. Reed Elsevier hs lredy introduced numerous innovtive services nd products. Exmples include the lunch of ScienceDirect, the fully serchble online dtbse comprising content from over 1,000 of their scientific journls. In legl publishing, Butterworths, Reed Elsevier subdivision, lunched Butterworths Direct, the most comprehensive online legl service for English lw. Furthermore, LEXIS-NEXIS, nother subdivision of Reed Elsevier, introduced its universl current wreness web browser product

Is Google Making Us Stupid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Is Google Making Us Stupid - Essay Example The article of Nicholas Carr, â€Å"Is Google making us stupid? What the internet is doing to our brains,† argues that the Internet and other technologies have changed the modern generation. It has made many people lazy and changed the way people perform their daily life activities. Carr is right when he argues that the Internet and social networking sites have changed the way people think. This is because having access to information faster through the use of the Internet has contributed to significant changes. For instance, many students nowadays use Internet for carrying out research studies. They no longer use their brain to find solutions to the issues, but rather use Google to find information faster; thus Google is making students lazy and stupid (Carr 341). Technology is making the society move towards a positive, direction, but too much dependent on technology is creating more harm than good. Carr views many changes the Internet is causing as a loss rather than a bene fit; thus he raises awareness on the impact that the Internet is creating in the contemporary society. He attempts to reveal the way Internet is changing the ways students are writing and learning in the current generation. Carr reveals the way skills of many people have been eroded thus he says, â€Å"am not thinking the way I used to think† (Carr 340). Therefore, these changes have contributed to poor concentration in reading books; thus spending much time on the Internet. Although the Internet has contributed to positive changes, over reliance on the Internet has changed the way the brains of students function; thus affecting cognitive memory of the Internet users. The Internet has changed the way students perform their work in school; hence, many of them have become lazy because they cannot read books for a long time. The age of globalization, which is contributed by the increased technology development, has created more harm than good. Many students no longer perform eff ectively in school because many of them spend much time in social networking sites. Students also do not read hard because of much time spent on the Internet (Carr 340). Carr further argues that the Internet has changed the brain of many individuals; thus contributing to varied changes. For instance, Carr notices that many students cannot read books for more than one hour, and this has led to poor performances in many schools. This means that the minds of students have nowadays changed in that one cannot read a book for more than three pages before turning into the Internet. This has become just like an addict because many students cannot spend their entire day without using technology for varied activities. For instance, the increased social disorders that have risen are contributed due to more time spend on social networking sites and the Internet. Additionally, Carr notices that many students have become lazy because over dependent on the Internet for varied activities. Many stud ents do not work hard by reading their books, but rather spend time in the Internet or social networking sites. Google is making many of them lazy and stupid because they depend on the Internet for carrying out their research or assignments. Students do not spend their time in the libraries reading printed books because they believe that, with Google, everything is possible. They use Google for carrying out research work because it is easier and saves time than searching books from the library categories. Although, this is crucial because Google directs them to the required material, but it is making many students become lazy. Wellmon (78) argues that Google search engine is making us stupid or smart; thus giving way to complex and productive questions. Thus, the time students spend in social networking sites than books have impacted performance of many students in their various learning institutions. Internet has contributed to the new form of writing and reading styles. Many stude nts spend much of their time interacting with

Review of Maintaining Reproductive Health

Review of Maintaining Reproductive Health Researchers almost nerve conduct a study in an intellectual vaccum. Literature reviews can serve a number of important functions in the research process. Researchers undertake a literature review to familiarize themselves with the knowledge base. A thorough literature review helps to lay the foundation for a study, and can inspires new research ideas. Review of literature is defined as a broad, comprehensive in depth, systemic and crucial review of scholarly publication, unpublished scholarly print materials, audio visual material and personal communication. Review of literature is arranged under the following headings. Review related to reproductive health. Review related to menstrual hygiene. Review related to sexual behavior and sex education. Review related to sexually transmitted disease and AIDS. Review related to usage of contraceptives. Review related to reproductive health Neelam mann., (2010) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding puberty among pre adolescent girls in Vijaya English school at Hassan, In that study shows percentage of knowledge in each aspect puberty such as anatomy and physiology, characteristics of puberty, menstrual hygiene and sexually transmitted dieases, before planned teaching programme. Preadolescent girls are having below average knowledge on all aspects except menstrual hygiene. Over all knowledge score shows girls are having only 33.52% of knowledge before the administration of planned teaching programme. Post test knowledge on different aspects of puberty after the planned teaching program, on an average adolescent girls increased 80.71% regarding puberty. Jyoti vinod., (2008) conducted a study to assess the effect of planned teaching programme on knowledge, attitude and practice of adolescents in relation to the reproductive health in selected shelter homes in Mumbai, among a population of 60 adolescents in that 30 boys and 30 girls who were selected by convenient sampling technique and data were collected by self reporting technique. Findings shows that pretest knowledge score is 63% and post test score is 91% with regard to knowledge changed in the adolescence was markedly increase in boys and girls from 23% and 19% to 70% and 83% respectively. So it shows the effectiveness of the teaching programme on reproductive health. Jeyashri.G.Itti., (2007) conducted a study that to evaluate the effect of planned teaching programme on selected aspects of reproductive health among the rural adolescents girls. In the pre test 69.77% of the subjects had poor knowledge, where as post test scores showed that 96.5% of subjects had good knowledge. This result related to the post test knowledge (mean 34.35) scores showed that the adolescent girls had a significantly higher score on reproductive health than the pre test (mean 21.81). The t value of 31.30 was significant at 0.001 level of significance and the investigator concluded overall pre test knowledge about reproductive health was poor, there was need planned teaching programme, post test result showed significant improvement in knowledge of reproductive health. Zulkitli., (2000) conducted a study to assess the determinants of sexual intercourse among unmarried adolescents on sexual practices in Malaysia. Overall results shows that the propotion of unmarried adolescents who have sexual intercourse is about 13% boys, (18.8%) are more likely to be sexuality experienced than girls (7.11%) by religion, Buddhist reported last experienced (6%) followed by Muslims (12%) and others (21%) for the more, 72% of adolescent engages in sex without considering the use of contraceptives. So through this study the researcher concluded that adolescents need sex education during school period as early as possible. Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Heather Becker, PhD, School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, 1700 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78701. Review related to menstrual hygiene. Punitha., (2010) conducted study to assess the practice and problem in using pad or cloth during menstruation among the blind children. Research design used for the study was comparative-correlation survey. Sample size for the study was 50 blind children who used pad during menstruation and 50 blind children who used cloth during menstruation. Structure interview questionnaire used for validate the responses. In that there was a significant negative correlation between practice and problem of using cloth during menstruation r = -0.139 (p