Sunday, May 24, 2020
Juarez Essay - 1439 Words
Juarez The movie Juarez, starring Paul Muni, Bette Davis, Brian Aherne and Claude Rains, has the perfect story line. Thereââ¬â¢s action, love, violence and heartbreak, but most importantly, it brings attention to a piece of history that is rarely recognized: monarchs in Mexico. Louis Napoleon III of France, played by Claude Rains, saw the American Civil War as an opportunity to advance the French government. Louis wanted to establish French influence in Mexico, which he knew was against the Monroe Doctrine. He took advantage of the fact that America was in a weak state due to the war, and could therefore not intervene as per the Monroe Doctrine. In the film, he discusses with his wife, Empress Eugenie, about who should fulfill the dutyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Although Maximilian had many supporters, it was not enough to fight against the Mexican Republicans and Benito Juarez. On several occasions in the movie, Maximilian was asked to step down from his position as emperor and allo w Mexico to go back to its former democracy. Juarez sent messengers as well as letters, and the final letter he sent mentioned a threat of Maximilianââ¬â¢s blood spilling if he did not oblige. Maximilian would not step down and insisted he was doing what he was sent there to do. As the Civil War in the United States ended, the United States was finally able to help Mexico fight against the French. This led to a weakening of the French presence in Mexico and eventually Napoleon decided to pull out his troops. Napoleon was very persistent in his efforts of getting Maximilian to leave Mexico, and almost succeeded, but not before Carlotta could go back to France and beg him to change his mind, and instead support the monarchy. Napoleon would not budge on his decision and Maximilian gave in and wrote his letter of abdication. When Maximilian read his letter to his soldiers, they were extremely upset and General Mejia, who was an Indian and never showed emotion, cried. Colonel Lopez pr otested Maximilianââ¬â¢s abdication and told him that if he left, it was surely a death sentence for all of them. Maximilian could not allow the men who had loved and supported him, to die for him after he had gone, so he decided to stay and standShow MoreRelatedEssay on Benito Juarez633 Words à |à 3 Pages Benito Juarez was one of the most prominent and resourceful leaders in Mexicoââ¬â¢s history. He raised the standard of living and championed the poor. However, it took Juarez half his life to become such a dominant political figure. amp;#9;He was born in San Paulo Guelatao in the Mexican State of Oaxaca. His parents were Indians, and he was raised a shepherd boy. His parents died when he was three, leaving Benito to his unmarried uncle. His uncle believed that the only way for him to better his placeRead MoreMexican Identity1354 Words à |à 6 PagesJeff haring History 339 March 23, 2010 Essay II Transition of Mexican Identity Identity is a peculiar thing. Identity as a person, place or even thing can be somewhat misconstrued depending on the perspective at which the observation is taking place. The following piece has an objective of helping formulate the identity of a nation in transition. A nation that has multiple creeds and cultural diversity but still looking to find its purpose in the world in which it exists in. EstablishingRead MoreThe Border Cities Of El Paso And Ciudad Juarez1525 Words à |à 7 Pagescompared to the Mexican side of the border. The border cities of El Paso and Ciudad Juarez show an example of the US advantage over the Mexican side; El Paso is a Texas city on the Texas/Mexico border, and in 2014 it was the city with the lowest crime rate in the US ; Ciudad Juarez, on the other hand was known as one of the deadliest cities in Mexico . Along with the differences in crime rates, El Paso and Ciudad Juarez have many differences that make them clear examples of the advantage that Tex as borderRead MoreIdentified894 Words à |à 4 Pagesor not. In the essay ââ¬Å"Exile. El Paso, Texasâ⬠, Saenz describes his personal experience of discrimination due to his ethnic background. Saenz is a Mexican-American and because he lives in El Paso, which is a border town, he is often mistaken for an illegal immigrant by other Americans. Throughout the essay, Saenzââ¬â¢s feeling about his identity as an American had changed. He feels like he is always being judged by Americans sorely on his appearances. Towards the beginning of his essay, Saenz feels likeRead MoreThe Connection Between Western Capitalism And Mexican Femicide1614 Words à |à 7 Pageswere murdered in the border town of Juarez, Mexico. However, these numbers are simply the tip of the iceberg when compared to the four-hundred-and-fifty additional disappearances during that decade, a grand total that is only increasing with each passing year. In short, these murders eventually sparked international intrigue and distress, forcing the world to take a closer look at some of the uglier consequences of globalization. Essentially, the femicides of Juarez are simply a symptom of a patriarchalRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1243 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Picture of Dorian Gray originally accrued censure for its blatant lack of morality; regardless, Wildeââ¬â¢s exclusive novel is revered by contemporary critics who have deemed it a sensational classic. In that same year, Wilde assembled a cluster of e ssays nomenclatured Intentions promoting the theories of aestheticism. However, with the prevalent success of his first play, Lady Windermeres Fan, Wilde sought playwriting as his fundamental literary style. Producing several clever satiric comedies thatRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Impact On The World1042 Words à |à 5 PagesGlobal Warming Yarely Juarez Jack F.Macy Intermediate School Abstract Global warming is a topic that concern many scientists and other people. lbis paper will be stating on the causes,history, technology, and etc. Inthis research paper you will find most of the history of global warming, how it has had a impact on the world, how it impacts us and our daily lives, and etc. Also I (Yarely Juarez) will be stating what are the planning or direction of this technology. Many 7t11Read MoreHistory Of The Monroe Doctrine Of 1823 Essay1076 Words à |à 5 Pagesforeign policy. The History of the Monroe Doctrine of 1823 In this essay I will be explaining to you all on how the Monroe Doctrine came to be, who the document was authored by and how they gained the inspiration and where he got his ideas for this document from. I will explain what nations were affected by the policies of the Doctrine which I will explain in a little bit. I will explain how this document helped the Mexican President Juarez in successfully revolting against the Emperor Maximillian of theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Living On The Border Essay1292 Words à |à 6 Pageslives experiencing the concept of ââ¬Å"the border,â⬠acknowledge that the U.S.-Mexico Border is more than just a line. Itââ¬â¢s an epicenter of; historical, political, social, economic, and cultural affairs that influence people on both countries. In this essay, I will be discussing the endogeneity effect between the border and its people and how I influence this phenomenon. Historically speaking, the endogeneity effect between the border and its people began in 1848 with the Treaty of Guadalupe-HidalgoRead MoreLeadership Style and Their Effects on Ceos812 Words à |à 4 PagesLeadership Styles and Their Effect on CEOs Leadership Style and Their Effect on CEOs LaKisha Feggins November 21, 2012 Leadership Styles and Their Effect on CEOs Abstract The purpose of this essay is to analyze, compare, and contrast the leadership styles of two influential CEOs. I have collected information from many internet sources that elaborate on the life, achievements, and misfortunes of Jack Welch and Steve Jobs, and how they overcame their obstacles to become the best CEOs
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
The Effects Of Autism On Children s Children - 1076 Words
Meghan Egan English 1010 Dr. Dugger 18 February 2016 Autistic Children Life can be troubling, confusing, aggravating, although it can also be delightful, happy, and relaxing. Knowing someone with autism can lead to more confusion, but a child that has autism can be even worse. Commonly people arenââ¬â¢t aware that their child is autistic or that someone around them is autistic. Classifying children as autistic is done correctly and incorrectly every day, because autism has just become recognized and isnââ¬â¢t commonly known by most people and doctors recently. There are many different views on autism, whether it is classified to the children correctly or incorrectly using the DSM-5, and if autism is treated effectively. Autism is the general termâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Thereââ¬â¢s the theory of issues with motherââ¬â¢s pregnancy. Such as the age of the mother, illnesses the mother has, low birth weight of the mother, and difficulty during the time of birth can be combined in different ways and can cause different levels of autism. There could be issues in the brain that could have started at the when the child was a baby. There can be different chemical connections that don t connect correctly. There has also been a number of genes that have been known to improve the chances of autism. For example, families that have twins are more likely to have children with autism, especially if they are identical twins (ââ¬Å"Autism Spectrum Fact Sheetâ⬠). Since there isnââ¬â¢t a certain type of autism then, that means there isnââ¬â¢t a cure for autism. In other words, there is no cure for autism. Therapies, therapists, interventions, and medication can maybe help the childââ¬â¢s autistic issues. Some ways can help or they can do nothing for the child. For example, my nine year old brother has autism. He ranges from the speech impediment side of disorders on the autism spectrum to the extreme emotional anger side of the spectrum for autism. He is on four different medications in the morning and three different medications at night. The medication does help, depending on the time of day. Just like normal medication, his medication takes about thirty minutes to an hour to affect his behavior. Once in a while my
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficient and the Most Merciful Free Essays
string(122) " out review of subsequent events: | | | | |In a review engagement auditor is not responsible to review subsequent events\." |Ans. 1 |(a) |Quality Control Issues: | | | | |While assigning the audit work to Mr. Manzoor Nazar, the firm ignored the threat which existed due to his earlier | | | | |intention to join WL as an employee. We will write a custom essay sample on In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficient and the Most Merciful or any similar topic only for you Order Now | | | | |Mr. Manzoor also failed to update the firm about this matter, due to which firm could not ascertain the self-interest | | | | |threat to independence and objectivity of the engagement partner. | | | |Engagement partner did not ensure the engagement reviewer had been appointed. As a result, significant matters arising | | | | |during the audit could not be discussed or resolved. | | | | |No consultation was undertaken on impairment loss issue, which was contentious and material. | | | | |It appears that engagement partner resolved the difference of opinion between the team member and the job in charge by | | | | |imposing his decision without satisfying the team member. No avenue was available to the team member to assert his | | | | |opinion. | | | | | | | | | |The following Risk Factors do not seem to have been considered: | | | | |Change in Board of Directors and significant change in Management. | | | | |Valuation of plant and machinery was being done by an employee who may have been an expert but his independence was | | | | |questionable. | | | |Sudden change of assessment in the valuation creates doubts on the reliability of the work done. | | | | |Informing stock exchanges about impairment loss, uncertainty on fair value of plant and machinery, issue of right | | | | |shares at declined market price and acquisition of right shares by directors and their associates point to an apparent | | | | |motive of the Board of directors to accumulate WLââ¬â¢s shares at low price. | | | | | | |` | |Deficiencies in Audit Approach: | | | | |In view of the managementââ¬â¢s perceived motive of presenting poor financial position to affect the market price, the | | | | |representation by the management as regards impairment of plant and machinery is not a reliable evidence. | | | |Opinion of the internal expert seems to have been influenced by the directors and the management. Thus, it should not | | | | |have been considered as appropriate evidence. | | | | |Due consideration was not given to the auditorââ¬â¢s previous knowledge and evidences that were already available in | | | | |previous yearââ¬â¢s working paper files. | | | |Audit opinion on a significant matter was formed without corroborating other evidences. | | | | | | | | | |Recommendation: | | | | |An independent valuation expert be appointed to form an opinion on valuation of plant and machinery. | | | | | | | | |If independent valuation supports the opinion of the internal expert, | | | | |ascertain whether or not valuation done in previous year was erroneous. | | | |In case of error in previous years, comparative financial statements be amended after compl etion of valuation exercise. | | | | | | | | | |In case valuation exercise cannot be completed, the audit report should contain an emphasis of matter paragraph on | | | | |significant uncertainty. | | | | | | | | |If independent valuation does not support the opinion of the internal expert, the auditor should | | | | |Re-assess the risk of fraudulent misstatement by management and those charged with governance. | | | |Consider whether misstatement due to fraud involves higher management and those charged with governance, in which case | | | | |the firm may consider withdrawal from the engagement. | | |Ans. 2 |As soon as we come to know about the above stated facts, we should immediately contact the client and inform them that unless | | | |the auditors have signed their report on the financial statements, such financial statements will remain and be deemed | | | |unaudited. | | | | | | |SECP should be informed about the situation | | | | | | | |Legal opinion should be taken. | | | | | | | |The auditor may take necessary steps to inform the shareholders either immediately or in the AGM about the possible impact on | | | |the financial statements. | | | | | | | | | |Ans. 3 |(i) |Evidence of subsequent recovery of long outstanding debt will be evaluated. | | | | |If the evidence of recovery is sufficient and appropriate, the financial statements will be revised and issued to the | | | | |shareholders along with a fresh auditorsââ¬â¢ report. | | | |In case of disagreement with the management on this issue, the auditor will issue a qualified opinion; and will also | | | | |take necessary actions to prevent reliance on the previous report. | | | | |If the evidence is not sufficient or appropriate, the management will be asked to change the directorââ¬â¢s report. | | | | | | | | |(ii) |Reason for decline in sales is a matter of opinion and will have no impact on audit. | | | | | | | |(iii) |The figure presented on graph may be due to typographical mistak e, correction of which should be communicated to the | | | | |users. In case of disagreement with the management an emphasis of matter paragraph will have to be included in the | | | | |audit report. However, if the figure is correct on the graph, the error in previous period will have to be rectified | | | | |retrospectively. In case of disagreement opinion will be appropriately qualified. | | | | | | | | |(iv) |The matter of acquisition of a sick unit will be discussed with the management, as it is a material misstatement of | | | | |fact (although not affecting the financial statements). In case of disagreement, auditor will seek legal opinion. | | | | | | | | | | | | |Ans. |The implications of the various issues referred to in the question, on the auditor report, are discussed hereunder: | | | |(i) |Failure to observe stock count: | | | | |Ordinarily the auditor is not required to perform the procedure of observation for obtaining evidence in a review | | | | |engagement. | | | | |Analytical procedure will be sufficient in this case. | | | |There will be no implication on auditorââ¬â¢s review report. | | | | | | | | |(ii) |Exposure to significant exchange rate risk: | | | | |Auditor is not supposed to give any assurance on the adequacy of the managementââ¬â¢s risk management activities. | | | |Auditor is responsible to assess whether the derivatives, as discussed, have been accounted for and presented | | | | |according to the requirement of the International Financial Reporting Standards. | | | | |However, if open position casts a significant threat to t he viability of the companyââ¬â¢s business, the auditor may draw | | | | |the attention of the reader of conclusion report by adding an emphasis of matter paragraph in the report. | | | | | | | | | | | | |(iii) |Sale of one of the companyââ¬â¢s set-up to an associated undertaking: | | | | |The information about the sale of the business segment to a related party is necessary for understanding the changes | | | | |in financial position. Therefore, an explanatory note should be included in the condensed financial statements. | | | |Ordinarily the auditor is not required to corroborate the evidence provided by the management. | | | | |In case management refuses to disclose this information, suitable modification will be considered. | | | | | | | | |(iv) |Discontinuation of the practice of using Age Analysis for bad debts estimation: | | | | |Apparently, bad debt provision is following the historical trend. The auditor is required to persue inquiry and | | | | |analytically re view procedures in a review engagement. | | | | | | | | |If the results of such procedures are satisfactory, then no further procedures are required. Accordingly age analysis | | | | |for estimating bad debts is not mandatory in this situation. | | | | | | | | | |There will be no implication on audit report. | | | | | | | | |(v) |Failure to carry out review of subsequent events: | | | | |In a review engagement auditor is not responsible to review subsequent events. You read "In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficient and the Most Merciful" in category "Papers" | | | |Management is inquired about the procedure it has followed to identify subsequent adjusting event. | | | | | | | | | |There will be no implication on audit report. | | | | | | | | | | |Ans. 5 |Audit procedure to verify Provision for sales return: | | | |Apparently, the provision made by the company has no plausible basis. | | |The actual returns during the year are Rs. 130 million as against the total sales of Rs. 6 50 million. If the sales and sales | | | |returns are made evenly throughout the year, a plain application of return percentage suggests that the provision should be | | | |nearly Rs. 32. 5 million. | | | |In the above circumstances the auditor should obtain an understanding of the entityââ¬â¢s assumptions on which estimate is based. | | | |If the basis is considered inappropriate, the auditor should make a revised estimate either on his own or by using expert | | | |opinion. The estimate should be based on: | | | |industry practice and trend of sales return; | | | |comparison of industry and companyââ¬â¢s terms of sale; | | | |Trend of sales return in the company i. e. sales return with-in first 15 days; between 16 to 30 days; between 31 ââ¬â 45 and so on. | | | |Own estimate prepared on the above assumptions will be compared with managementââ¬â¢s estimates. If the difference is material, the| | | |management will be asked to explain. | | | |Subsequent sales returns up to the date of authorization will also provide an evidence about the reasonableness or otherwise of| | | |the managementââ¬â¢s estimate. | | | | | | | | | | |Ans. 6 |(a) |Verbal confirmation from Local Government as regards the resolution of dispute on capital adequacy and price | | | | |computation of cement, will not be considered as appropriate/sufficient audit evidence. | | | | |Refusal of written confirmation is a scope limitation and unless other appropriate evidence i s available the report | | | | |will need to be modified. | | | |Managementââ¬â¢s intention to use the auditorââ¬â¢s report for the purpose of dealing with the local government is beyond the| | | | |scope of the engagement. Therefore, the auditorââ¬â¢s report should specify the agreed intended use thereof. | | | | |Interpretations given in Regulation JKL, 1961 were used to form the opinion on compliance relating to minimum | | | | |inventory level and price computation. Therefore, the Regulation should also be referred to in the report for better | | | | |understanding of the assurance. | | | | |Not renewing performance guarantee is a clear non-compliance which needs to be reported as qualification. | | | |Decision to keep the inventory with distributors could not be considered as a non-compliance because these are | | | | |covered under binding contracts and the purpose of the arrangement is also mentioned in the contract. | | | | | | | | |(b) |We have audited Cement Limit edââ¬â¢s compliance with certain covenants of cement supply agreement No. XYZ/2004 dated | | | | |November 03, 2004 read with Local Regulation JKL 1961, executed between the company and the Local Government. The | | | | |purpose of the report is to fulfill the condition attached to an application to be filed with the Provincial | | | | |Government to obtain a cement supply contract. | | | | | | | | |We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing-800 ââ¬Å"The Independent Auditorââ¬â¢s Report | | | | |on Special Purpose Audit Engagementâ⬠applicable to compliance auditing. | | | | | | | | | |The Standard requires that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance as to whether Cement Limited | | | | |has complied with the agreement referred to in preceding paragraph. An audit ncludes examining appropriate evidence | | | | |on a test basis. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion . We report that: | | | | | | | | | |We could not directly confirm, from the Local Government, the status of non-compliance of capital adequacy and price | | | | |computation of ââ¬Ëquick-set cementââ¬â¢. | | | | |The company failed to maintain a performance guarantee with a scheduled bank, which is a violation of the agreement. | | | | | | | | |In our opinion, except for the effect on the overall compliance, if any, as might have been determined, had we been | | | | |able to obtain the confirmation from the Local Government in respect of capital adequacy and price computation of | | | | |quick-set cement and the non-compliance stated in paragraph (b) above, as of December 31, 2007, the Company was, in | | | | |all material respects, in compliance with the covenants of price computation, minimum inventory level and other | | | | |matters related to financial reporting of the agreement referred to in the preceding paragraphs. | | | | | | | | |AUDITOR | | | | |Date | | | | |Address | | | | | | | | |C |Views of the management on job time: | | | | |It is true that auditors have already reviewed the subject agreement during the audit of the financial statements. | | | |However, the review was different in nature as discussed below: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Materiality was set on the basis of certain values of |Materiality was set on the basis of principles agreed at | | | | |financial statements. |the time of engagement. | | | | | | | | | | |During the audit only those clauses of the agreement would|In the given engagement the auditors were required to | | | | |have been studied which could impact the revenue and |obtain assurance about the managementââ¬â¢s claim of | | | | |expenditure and risk of loss. compliance with all the clauses which may or may not have | | | | | |significant financial impact on the company. | | | | | | | | | | |The agreement was among one of the very |Since only this agreement was the subject of the auditorââ¬â¢s| | | | |large number of documents that could have required |report, it required far extensive examination. | | | | |auditorsââ¬â¢ attention. Hence only a general review of the | | | | | |same was required. | | | | | | | | | | | |Due to these differences the nature and extent of examination of agreement was much larger in this engagement than in| | | | |audit. Accordingly, considerable time was required to complete the engagement. | | | | | | | | |(d) |Appointment of Mr. Sharif | | | | |Since Mr. Sharif was also the engagement partner on the audit of Cement Ltd. , his appointment for this assignment may| | | | |result in self review threat. | | | | | | | | | | | | |Ans. 7 |(a) |The matters which should be considered while accepting the assignment and assigning the job to Mr. Umer are as | | | | |follows: | | | | | | | | | |Acceptance of engagement: | | | | |Client acceptance consideration, such as, integrity of management, expertise available in firm etc will be given. | | | | |Whether the assumptions being used are clearly realistic. | | | | |Whether the time limit prescribed by the Board of Directors is sufficient. | | | | |Whether the projected financial statements and auditorââ¬â¢s report will be appropriate for the intended use. | | | | |Although the firm is legally allowed to accept the assignment, adequate safeguards should be considered n view of | | | | |the fact that one of the partners wife had financial interest in the entity and close family relations with the CFO | | | | |of the company. | | | | |There should be an agreement with the management that abridged projections must contain a caution for shareholders | | | | |that for better understanding complete set of prospective financial statements be referred. | | | | |Firm should also consider whether it will be able to carry out the engagement with due professional competence even | | | | |if Mr. Umer is unable to be the engagement partner. | | | | | | | | |Assigning the job to Mr. Umer: | | | | |Since the wife of Mr. Umer has financial interest in the company as a shareholder, Mr. Umer is not | | | | |expected to carry out the assignment with the level of objectivity required for the engagement. Therefore, he should | | | | |not be appointed as engagement partner. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |(b) |We have examined the projection of XYZ Business Segment of Fiber Limited in accordance with the International | | | | |Standard on Assurance Engagements applicable to the examination of prospective financial information. Management is | | | | |responsible for the projections including the assumptions set out in Note X on which it is based. | | | | | | | | |This projection has been prepared for assuring the viability of the segment referred to in preceding p aragraph. As | | | | |the segment is in development phase the projection has been prepared using a set of assumptions that include | | | | |hypothetical assumptions about future events and managementââ¬â¢s action that are not necessarily expected to occur. | | | | |Consequently, the users are cautioned that the projection may not be appropriate for purposes other than those | | | | |described above. | | | | | | | | |Based on our examination of the evidence supporting the assumptions, nothing has come to our attention which causes | | | | |us to believe that these assumptions do not provide a reasonable basis for the projection. Further, in our opinion | | | | |the projection is properly prepared on the basis of the assumptions and is presented in accordance with the | | | | |International Financial Reporting Standards. | | | | | | | | |Even if the events anticipated under the hypothetical assumptions described above occur, actual results are still | | | | |likely to be different from the projection since other anticipated events frequently do not occur as expected and the| | | | |variation may be material. | | | | | | | | |(c) |The historical financial statements provide the auditors with | | | | |the knowledge of companyââ¬â¢s business and trends and relation that would exist among the elements of financial | | | | |statements; and | | | | |a yardstick for considering managementââ¬â¢s assumptions. | | | | | | | | |The auditors also uses historical financial statements to assess whether the prospective financial statements have | | | | |been prepared on the basis consistent with them. | | | | | | | | | | | | |Ans. |(i) |Judgmental Sampling | | | | |Advantages | | | | |Disadvantages | | | | | | | | | |As the approach is being used for many years so its well understood and refined by experience. | | | | |The auditor can bring his judgment and experience into play. | | | | |No special knowledge of statistics is required. | | | | |Time saved form non deployment of statistical methods may be spent on carrying out further audit procedures on | | | | |different areas. | | | |Saving of extra resources such as computer soft wares. | | | | |Selecting samples with large amounts facilitates greater coverage. | | | | |It is not based on any scientific technique. | | | | |No quantitative results are obtained. | | | | |Personal bias in the selection of sample is unavoidable. | | | | |There is no real logic behind the selection of the sample or its size | | | | |The conclusion reached is usually vague. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |(ii) |Statistical Sampling | | | | |Advantages | | | | |Disadvantages | | | | | | | | | |It is based on scientific techniques | | | | |Special software is available to help efficient execution | | | | |The method is impartial and can be defended easily | | | | |It provides precise mathematical statements about probabilities of being correct | | | | |The method is efficient as the same level of confidence can be achieved with a relatively smaller sample. Overlarge | | | | |sample size are not taken | | | | |The system in different audit firms tend to become standardized | | | | |It can be used by staff at all levels | | | | |It lacks flexibility | | | | |Often several attributes of transactions or documents are tested at the same time | | | | |Lacks human judgement and more reliance is placed on statistical conclusion | | | | |As the technique is not always understood, false conclusions may also be drawn. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Ans. 9 |(a) |The following issues are significant in respect of the donation of Rs. 15 million: | | | | | | | | | |Donations represent 25% of the total selling and administration expenses. | | | | |Such a huge amount of donation by a company which has already incurred a loss casts serious doubts about the motive | | | | |behind such donation. | | | | | | | | |Audit procedures to address the issue may involve the following: | | | | |Obtain information about the charitable institution i. e. it s name, nature, registration and reputation. | | | | |Scrutinize possibility of any relationship between the two organizations, their directors/trustees and their spouses | | | | |and relatives etc. | | | | |Verify mode of payment i. e. cash, bearer cheque, crossed cheque etc. | | | | |Verify approval and authorization. | | | | |Assess the relevance of the donation to the nature of business of the company. | | | | | | | |(b) |Since appropriate business consideration does not seem to be involved, mere approval by the Board would not confirm | | | | |that the expenditure has been incurred for the purpose of the companyââ¬â¢s business. | | | | | | | | | |If the auditor is unable to satisfy himself on the above issue he will have to qualify the report by: | | | | |stating the brief facts of the case. | | | | |using the ââ¬Å"except forâ⬠type of qualification, while certifying that the business has been conducted in accordance | | | | |with the objects of the company. | | (TH E END) How to cite In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficient and the Most Merciful, Papers
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch free essay sample
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Living on this earth is a privilege and unfortunately we sometimes take advantage of it. Stories of deforestation, air and water pollution really make a person think of just how much our planet is being harmed. A major concern is water pollution. Water covers at least 70 percent of the planet which makes our rivers, lakes, and oceans essential. Many of these bodies of water are being polluted and although they may be out of sight, they eventually help pollution increase. Actions should be made to stop the pollution of our waters before things get worse. If we want to decrease the amount of pollution it starts out by increasing the amount of recycling we do. It shouldnââ¬â¢t stop there. Not only should efforts to improve laws against water pollution be made but public awarenessà ¬Ã ¬ has to be raised about this issue. It is believed that the worldââ¬â¢s largest garbage dump isnt on land but in the Pacific Ocean. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is pretty much what it sounds like; a garbage patch way out in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. In an article posted on How Stuff Works. com itââ¬â¢s said that, ââ¬Å"It stretches from the coast of California to Japan, and its estimated to be twice the size of Texasâ⬠(Silverman, Jacob). The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is located in the Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The Gyre is a spiral of currents created by a system of air currents. These air currents move in circular rotation which helps keep the garbage trapped. Itââ¬â¢s an area filled with millions of pounds of trash with most of it being plastic. Its the largest landfill in the world, and its sitting in the middle of the ocean. Water pollution can have serious economic and health impacts by killing marine life and causing environmental harm. à ¬Ã ¬Ã ¬Ã ¬ While theres still some uncertainty of what is all in garbage patch, we do know that most of it is made of plastic. The reason plastic is such a major cause of water pollution is because unlike most other trash, plastic isnt biodegradable. This means the microbes that break down other substances dont recognize plastic as food, leaving it to float there forever. Sunlight does eventually play a part as it breaks plastic down into smaller pieces but that can just make ità worse. The plastic still never goes away it just becomes microscopic. ââ¬Å"Of the more than 200 billion pounds of plastic the world produces each year, about 10 percent ends up in the ocean. â⬠(Earth Magazine). Most of that plastic eventually sinks, damaging life on the ocean floor. The plastic that floats ends up in gyres, and settle in massive garbage patches that form there, much like the Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Plastic is a very useful material but when in the ocean, it endangers animal life. Small surface debris, mostly plastic resin pellets are a common piece of marine debris. Because they are so small they can easily get lost along the way, washing through the water with other plastics and into the sea. Pollution like this is causing harm to sea animals such as the seabird; the albatross. The albatross scoops its food from the ocean and without knowing picks up trash along the way. Plastic debris along with other garbage is then fed to its young mistakenly for food. ââ¬Å"Of the 500,000 albatross chicks born here each year, about 200,000 die, mostly from dehydration or starvation. A two-year study funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency showed that chicks that died from those causes had twice as much plastic in their stomachs as those that died for other reasons. â⬠(Weiss R. Kenneth, New York Times). The altraboss isnââ¬â¢t the only animal suffering from this source of pollution. In the article ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å"The growing number of abandoned plastic fishing nets is one of the greatest dangers from marine debrisâ⬠, says Bamford, and (Bamford, Holly 2009). The nets entangle seals, sea turtles and other animals and can often result in drowning them. Because fishermen are now using plastic for its low cost, abandon nets can continue fishing on their own for months or even years. This can cause harm to any animal but sea turtles seem especially susceptible. Not only are they entangled by fishing nets, they often swallow plastic bags, mistaking them for jellyfish. They can also get caught up in a variety of other objects, and there has been stories heard of snapping turtle that grow up with a plastic ring around their bodies. As a society as whole we tend to generate a lot of trash. Thereââ¬â¢s no stopping the amount of trash that piles up, but we can decide what we do with it. In order to decrease water pollution the amount of recycling has to increase. Recycling doesnââ¬â¢t have to be difficult and itââ¬â¢s something that can be done right at home. Different sorts of plastic, aluminum cans, and steel are all valuable recyclables. Instead of just having a basic trash can, there can be a recycling bin right next to it or in a common place like the kitchen. If more households decide to take action and make recycling a habit it can have one of the most beneficial outcomes towards our environment. When a product is recycled it is turned back into its raw form. That can later be used to create a new and different product. Recycling can also take place outside of the home. Environmental groups and organizations have been doing their efforts to help clean this place up little by little. People who have the privilege to live by some of our waters, like an ocean or even lakes and rivers can do their part to contribute by removing waste on shore. This most likely wonââ¬â¢t be rewarded but the fact that itââ¬â¢s a step in helping our environment should be satisfactory enough. When we recycle not only are we conserving natural resources but it can significantly reduce additional waste. Most importantly, this means that less waste ends up in our oceans. Along with recycling, laws should be enforced in efforts to improve water pollution. It can start by raising fines on pollution. Dumping waste like toxins and plastics into the ocean is a serious problem and should be dealt with properly. Companies and businesses that carelessly let harmful chemicals and products contaminate water which flows back into rivers and streams should be disciplined. An example is nuclear power plants which are very harmful to the environment as it is. These companies release radiated water into lakes and rivers near without even thinking about the consequences. These rivers can flow to larger bodies of water and ultimately cause a negative impact on society. Toxic waste can be very harmful forms of pollution towards animals and humans. â⬠When toxic waste harms an organism, it can quickly be passed along the food chain and may eventually end up being our seafood. â⬠(Oracle Education Foundation). The elimination of plastic bags should also be considered. ââ¬Å"During 2009ââ¬â¢s International Coastal Cleanup, the Ocean Conservancy found that plastic bags were the second-most common kind of waste found, at 1 out of ten items picked up and talliedâ⬠(Clean Air Council). Banning plastic grocery bags would decrease the amount of plastic that ends up in waste. We amazingly still produce more than 260 million tons of plastic each yearâ⬠(Earth Magazine). Straying away from unneeded plastics would be a major change and one for the better. This problem wonââ¬â¢t go away unless awareness is raised. There are many originations out there with the main goal of helping our environment. Organizations like the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) are trying to find ways to improve our water system. Charity to these types of organizations is key way to help raise awareness. There are many websites out there that help provide information about what exactly is polluting our waters and ways to prevent it from happening. Sites like ââ¬Å"American Rivers. orgâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Bio Process H20â⬠offer tips and solutions to help decrease sources of pollution. Thereââ¬â¢s always articles, newspapers, etc. that deal with helping the environment and the importance of recycling so that shouldnââ¬â¢t be a problem to find out. We are the ones who live on this earth so if we donââ¬â¢t take care of it, we are the ones who will have to deal with those consequences. Water is one of the most important parts of our lives so why not try to make a change for the better. The pollution to our water not only hurts the environment as a whole, but it can cause major damage to animal life and even humans. There are many ways to take action to this problem so why not do so. Toà ¬Ã ¬ decrease the amount of pollution in our waters we need to recycle more, improve laws against water pollution and raise public awareness about this problem. We can each help out in our own way and little by little, we can make a positive impact on earthââ¬â¢s water supply.
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