MBA Case SkyWest Inc. and the Regional Airline Industry Essay

MBA Case SkyWest Inc. and the Regional Airline Industry - Essay Example The success of the regional airline carriers is explained by attention is directed to the selection of the logical or best strategy under conditions of risk. Of course, expenditures for certain types of service are declining while others are gaining. . It is also important to recognize technology, particularly as it interacts with the strategy and organizational structure of the regional airlines. These expansions reflect desires to meet consumer needs and capture a larger part of the discretionary dollar. Services are not accorded concrete treatment in marketing, since they are intangible and difficult to deal with. Life styles are leading passengers to larger expenditures on services, which are important not only in the aggregate but also in their influence (Thompson et al 2008). 2. The strategy of SkyWest is based on unique brand image and partnership with United and Delta. The key is to have a strategy for investigating and integrating the various technologies over time. This is a challenging endeavor, to say the least. The importance of SkyWest strategy is that its operational strategy and organizational structure are developed simultaneously with the implementation of new information systems. At some point, new strategies and structures are required on the basis of what the information technology can deliver. It is all too easy to improve the information technology of the firm in increments only to find that it does not mesh well with the existing strategy and structure. As a result, these separate components become impediments to successful implementation. Strategy, structure, and systems must be melded together as an integrated whole. SkyWest followed differentiation strategy and tries to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Service differentiation results from different service processes, research and know-how,

The Minoans And Mycenaeans History Essay

The Minoans And Mycenaeans History Essay During the Bronze Age, the Mycenaeans and Minoans became two of the most powerful and culturally unique groups the world had ever seen. Because they resided so close to each other, they had an undeniable influence on each other and this resulted in the two groups sharing a lot of the same characteristics. Despite having a similar set of characteristics, both civilizations had several noticeable and distinct differences, most notably in the areas of architecture, arts, and languages. These differences can be understood best when examining the fact that Minoans were more trade and nature oriented, while the Mycenaeans focused more on war and strengthening their military. The Minoans and Mycenaean civilizations both resided in present-day Greece, while the Minoans based their civilization on the island of Crete, and the Mycenaeans on mainland Greece. The Minoans, who were known particularly for their extensive trade and dominance of the sea, existed from about 27th century B.C. to 14th century B.C. until the Mycenaeans defeated them and took over (Biers, 1980, 27). On the other hand, the Mycenaeans were more war and military oriented than the Minoans, as seen by their victory over the Minoans and their material culture, which will be looked at later. As far as language is concerned, Mycenaeans appeared to use a language called Linear B, which consisted of 87 different signs and several ideograms, or graphic symbols that represents an idea or concept. There has been a large amount of evidence found in the palaces of the Mycenaean civilization in the form of clay tablets. The Minoans used a system called Linear A, a mostly syllabic script that contains 75 signs and several ideograms; unfortunately, archaeologists still havent completely deciphered all of the symbols (Burkert, 1985, 20). We do know however, that Linear A tablets contained accounting transactions, which supports the idea that Minoans were more trade oriented (Biers, 1980, 26). Both civilizations were very complex and advanced with complex social hierarchies; this complexity is best seen by examining the archaeological remains of each civilizations architecture and different types of art pieces including paintings, sculptures, and pottery. Although the Minoan and Mycenaean styles of architecture were very similar, there were still several structural differences due to their trade and military backgrounds. Mycenaeans were especially talented at working with large blocks of stone (Biers, 1980, 67), a technique called megalithic architecture, which made it possible for Mycenaeans to construct enormous, heavily fortified walls that surrounded their palaces. This was in stark contrast to Minoan palaces as they probably felt that fortifications around palaces may have been superfluous due to their isolation location and strong navy. Minoans also used a post and lintel system, or in other words, verticals and horizontals (Biers, 1980, 29), as opposed to the Mycenaean megalithic structure. A distinct feature of the Mycenaean style of architecture is the relieving triangle above a lintel block, an architectural element best displayed on the Lion Gate at Mycenae (Preziosi and Hitchcock, 1999, 176). Both civilizations had palaces with intricate and detailed floor plans that covered a vast amount of land and had a central area upon which the rest of the palace would be built around. Typically, in Minoan palaces such as Knossos, the central area would be a large courtyard which was the focus of everyday life and served as the site for religious rituals and other ceremonial functions (Biers, 1980, 29). On the other hand, the central area of a Mycenaean palace was called a megaron. Typically, Mycenaean palaces such as Pylos, were highly decorated; this included the walls and the floor and even the hearth, which had spiral and flame patterns painted several times (Biers, 1980, 71). Another aspect of the Mycenaean culture that showed they had a military sense was their utilization of advanced hydraulic engineering. Not only did they have great fortification walls, but they had carefully maintained roads that served as an important network connector to their various major centers (Bier s, 1980, 74). While it is reasonable to conclude that both civilizations had impressive pieces of architectural work, the Mycenaeans tended to have a greater abundance of military architecture in its world. Based on an abundant amount of archaeological evidence, it is apparent that the Minoans were more interested in nature oriented art while Mycenaeans were more interested in warlike paintings. The Minoans loved to paint frescoes with bright, vibrant colors such as terra cotta red and used these colors to depict beautiful scenes of nature (Biers, 1980, 29). Minoan also liked to use a vivid red paint to paint the floor as a blanket of color and not just for frescoes (Hirsch, 1980, 453). There were also many enormous bull-vaulting scenes, present in Minoan palaces. In these paintings, the bulls were typically painted brown and white while the men were painted red and then women were painted white (Biers, 1980, 46). When examining Mycenaean art it is clear that they were strongly influenced by the Minoans because you can see several Minoan themes in their paintings and frescoes. An example of this is the procession fresco and the bull-vaulting scene (Biers, 1980, 80). Despite this obvious correlation, Mycenaean art usually had a lesser emphasis on nature, which was only used as a backdrop for scenes, and a greater emphasis on warlike scenes (Biers, 1980, 82). Both societies also made terra cotta figurines but Minoans features household goddesses with flaring skirts and raised hands (Biers, 1980, 55) while the Mycenaean figurines were larger in scale and were primarily categorized into three types: Phi, women with no arms, Psi, women whose arms made a crescent shape, and Tau (Biers, 1980, 89). While both cultures were masterful in painting sculptures and other forms of art, the Minoans concentrated more on being detailed and nature oriented while the Mycenaeans were more plain and focused more on warlike sculptures. Perhaps the archaeological find with the most abundant amount of evidence that backs up the idea that Minoans were more nature oriented than their counter part, the Mycenaeans, is pottery. Minoan pottery is considered to be far more decorative than that of the Mycenaeans and their pottery attained a very high standard in both fabric and decoration (Biers, 1980, 52). Since pottery was actually also used to determine chronology, Minoan pottery actually provided a foundation for dividing the different Minoan eras. Late Minoan IA style featured spirals with details added in white and floral motifs (Biers, 1980, 54), while Late Minoan IB style, the Marine style, featured several nature-like qualities such as the depictions of sea creatures, particularly octopus (Biers, 1980, 54). Unlike Minoan pottery, Mycenaean pottery was simple and dull in its decoration (Biers, 1980, 85). Mycenaean pottery was designed with a dull black-to-brown glaze while the Late Helladic IIIB pottery featured shap es such as a kylix, and the Late Helladic IIIC period featured simple linear patterns and warrior scenes (Biers, 1980, 85 and 86). The Mycenaeans and Minoans had very different tastes in pottery as the Mycenaeans went for a more simple, plain, and at times, warrior style, while the Minoans went for a more colorful, and nature like style. Like most material culture, the religion and burial practices of the Minoans and Mycenaeans shared many similarities and had many differences. Minoan religion featured several female goddesses, prompting Arthur Evans to claim that their religion was a Mother goddess-centered religion (Olsen, 1998, 382). Additionally, animals and the death and rebirth of vegetationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦serve as the basis of Minoan religion (Biers, 1980, 27). A big difference between Minoan and Mycenaean religious practices was that Mycenaean cult buildings were independent structures which avoided the Minoan practice of building multiple shrines within their settlement (Burkert, 1985, 89). Grave Circle A and Grave Circle B are two of the most significant shaft grave archaeological finds for pottery and metalwork that have ever taken place (Biers, 1980, 75). The typical burial method was internment in chamber tombs and, for the royal family, in tholos tombs (Biers, 1980, 76). It is quite evident that both civ ilizations did have particular burial practices and practiced religion, although in Mycenaean civilization burial practices took on a larger scale. There is no doubt that the similarities between the Minoans and Mycenaeans are extensive, mostly because of their close proximity that allowed the Minoans to influence the Mycenaeans so much. While they were very similar, they also had several fundamental differences, most notably the Minoans being more trade and nature oriented while the Mycenaeans were more warlike. These differences are best understood by analyzing the different archaeological, artistic, and language aspects because they tell a story about the development of two of the greatest ancient civilizations during the Bronze Age.

John Steinbeck Essay -- essays research papers

John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902 in Salinas, California, a farming community with of about 2500 people. He was the third of four children and the only son of John Ernst and Olive Hamiton Steinbeck. His sisters Beth and Esther were much older than John and he felt closest to Mary, the youngest. He spent his childhood and adolescence in the Salinas Valley, which he later called â€Å"the salad bowl of the nation.† John’s mother, Olive, was the daughter of Irish immigrants. She left her parents’ ranch to become a teacher. John remembered his mother as energetic and full of fun. He called his father, in contrast, â€Å"a singularly silent man.† Steinbeck’s father, also named John, worked as the treasurer of Monterey County. He had chosen a safe, practical course in life, in order to support his family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John enjoyed literature from an early age on. His mother read him the fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Robert Louis Stevenson, and the stories of King Arthur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John attended Salinas High School, an experience he generally disliked, but one bright spot in his high school carrer was his ninth grade English teacher, Miss Cupp. She admired the compositions he wrote and encouraged him to continue with his writing. Throughout high school, John spent most of his free time writing stories in his room.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John graduated from HS in 1919 and then went to Stanford University. John wanted to study to be a writer, but his mother wanted him to be something practical, like a lawyer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While attending Stanford University, John Steinbeck decided that a degree was of no use to a writer. Instead, he studied the things that interested him and would help him progress as a writer. He studied literature, history, and classical Greek. He convinced university officials to let him learn human anatomy alongside the medical students. Dissecting cadavers would help him â€Å"know more about people†, he explained. Steinbeck’s creative writing teacher taught him to write stories that were â€Å"true.† She didn’t mean the events in the story had to have actually happened, but instead the story and characters must reflect real human feelings and conflicts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During his college years, Steinbeck worked at a number of different jobs to help pay for his educ... ...gories including physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, peace, and economics. The Prize is awarded to those who have made valuable contributions to the â€Å"good of humanity.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Nobel Prize was the greatest honor of John Steinbeck’s life. His acceptance speech concluded with the observation that â€Å"St. John the Apostle may well be paraphrased: In the end is the Word, and the Word is Man--the Word is with Man.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After receiving the Prize, John began having heart problems and he was moved to his home in New York. John Steinbeck died peacefully on December 20, 1968, with Elaine lying at his side. He was 66 years old.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As John Steinbeck experienced life in Ameria he recorded his observation, his enjoyment of life, and his belief in human goodness. Several of his works are now considered classics. His books differ in content and in form, â€Å"Of Mice and Men† is similar to a play and â€Å"The Sea of Cortez† is a scientific account. But Steinbeck wrote all of his books with a particular goal in mind. As he explained, â€Å"My whole work drive as been aimed at making people understand each other.†

High School Finance Teacher

Accrual vs. Cash Basis Accounting Alicia Wiley Grantham University Abstract In this paper I have defined accrual and cash basis accounting. Also, I have answered the following questions: Explain the difference between the accrual basis of accounting and the cash basis of accounting. What are the major reasons for using accrual accounting? What are the purpose of a journal and a ledger? Give an example of a contra-asset, and explain how it is recorded on the ledger as a transaction. Explain what a â€Å"prepaid expense† is and how it is recorded on the ledger as a transaction.What are the major differences in recording transactions for a for-profit organization versus a not-for-profit, or are there any? List and record each transaction for S. Zee Outpatient Clinic under the accrual basis of accounting at December 31, 20X1, then develop a balance sheet as of December 31, 20X1, and a statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 20X1. How do capital structure rations an d liquidity rations differ in providing insight into an organization’s ability to pay debt obligations?Identify and explain two situations where an organization might have increasing activity rations but declining profitability. Explain the difference between the accrual basis of accounting and the cash basis of accounting. What are the major reasons for using accrual accounting? Cash accounting and accrual accounting are two similar methods of maintaining accurate accounting records. While the two approaches share many aspects in common, there are two key differences that distinguish each method from the other.Essentially, the difference between cash accounting and accrual accounting boils down to the way debits and credits are applied in the bookkeeping process. To understand the difference, it is first necessary to define each type of accounting process. Cash accounting, which is also known as cash basis accounting, allows for the recognition of income at the time it is ac tually received. This means that invoiced income is not counted as an asset until payment for the invoice is actually in hand. The same approach is applied to debits, in that any expenses incurred are not osted until they are paid. In contrast, accrual accounting does recognize income at the time it is earned. As goods or services are invoiced, the invoices are posted and counted as assets. They remain in this state until the face value of the invoice is credited for some reason. In like manner, any expenses are also posted at the time they are incurred or an invoice for those expenses is received, and remains open until the expenses are paid. Most mid-level and large businesses today tend to rely on the use of the accrual method rather than cash accounting.Doing so allows a business to determine at a glance how much cash is in hand, how much is currently pending in outstanding invoices, and what current expenses are awaiting payment. What are the purpose of a journal and a ledger? The purpose of the general ledger is to record all financial transactions for a company or person and total them on a net basis (plus accounts less minus accounts) for a certain time frame according to a summary chart of accounts. The general ledger provides the important information necessary for the preparation of all basic reports required by a company or individual.For example, the general ledger will allow the preparation of balance sheet reports and profit and loss reports for all accounting periods under review. This helps to explain why the general ledger is so important. Journal is used to record transactions in chronological order Give an example of a contra-asset, and explain how it is recorded on the ledger as a transaction? Contra-asset is an asset which, when increased, decreases the value of a related asset on the books. An example of a contra-asset is the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, which is the contra asset to Accounts Receivable.Contra-asset would be recorded on the balance of the debit matched up against the contra-asset credit. Explain what a â€Å"prepaid expense† is and how it is recorded on the ledger as a transaction? A prepaid expense, such as rent or insurance, is a type of current asset. It is recorded by decreasing Cash and increasing the prepaid amount by the same amount. Thus, the transaction only occurs in the Asset section of the Balance Sheet, and it is a zero-sum transaction. What are the major differences in recording transactions for a for-profit organization versus a not-for-profit, or are there any?For-profit organization would record certain transactions under Owner’s Equity, whereas the Not-for-Profit would use Net Assets. Also, a for-profit would not show restrictions on Owners’ Equity. List and record each transaction for S. Zee Outpatient Clinic under the accrual basis of accounting at December 31, 20X1, then develop a balance sheet as of December 31, 20X1, and a statement of operations for t he year ended December 31, 20X1. Journal Entries | | | | | | a | Cash | | 3,000,000. 00 | | | Unrestricted Contribution | | | 3,000,000. 00 | | | | | | | Equipment | | 2,000,000. 00 | | | Cash | | | 2,000,000. 00 | | | | | | c | Cash | | 1,000,000. 00 | | | Bank Loan | | | 1,000,000. 00 | | | | | | d | Supplies | | 1,500,000. 00 | | | Cash | | | 1,500,000. 00 | | | | | | e | Accounts Receivable | | 5,500,000. 00 | | | Service Revenue | | | 5,500,000. 00 | | | | | | f | Supplies Expense | | 1,000,000. 00 | | | Supplies | | | 1,000,000. 00 | | | | | | g | Cash | | 500,000. 00 | | | Unearned Service Revenue | | | 500,000. 00 | | | | | | h | Labor Expenses | | 2,000,000. 00 | | | Cash | | | 2,000,000. 00 | | | | | | | General Expenses | | 1,500,000. 00 | | | Cash | | | 1,500,000. 00 | | | | | | j | Cash | | 4,500,000. 00 | | | Accounts Receivable | | | 4,500,000. 00 | | | | | | k | Unearned Service Revenue | | 300,000. 00 | | | Service Revenue | | | 300,000. 00 | | | | | | l | Bank Loan | | 100,000. 00 | | | Cash | | | 100,000. 00 | | | | | | m | Interest Expense | | 50,000. 00 | | | Cash | | | 50,000. 00 | | | | | | n | Cash | | 100,000. 00 | | | Restricted Donation | | | 100,000. 00 | | | | | | o | Depreciation Expense | | 200,000. 00 | | | Accumulated Depreciation | | | 200,000. 0 | | | | | | p | Bad Debt Expense | | 500,000. 00 | | | Accounts Receivable | | | 500,000. 00 | | | | | | | OPERATIONS SUMMARY | | | | | | | Service Revenue | | | 5,800,000. 00 | | Less:Expenses | | | | | Supplies Expense | | 1,000,000. 00 | | | Labor Expenses | | 2,000,000. 00 | | | General Expenses | | 1,500,000. 00 | | | Interest Expense | | 50,000. 00 | | | Depreciation Expense | | 200,000. 00 | | | Bad Debt Expense | | 500,000. 00 | | | | | 5,250,000. 00 | 5,250,000. 00 | | | | | | | Net Income from Operations | | | 550,000. 00 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |BALANCE SHEET AS ON 31 Dec | | | | | | | Assets : | | | | | Cash | | 1,950,000. 00 | | | Equipment | | 2,000,000. 00 | | | Supplies | | 500,000. 00 | | | Accounts Receivable | | 500,000. 00 | | | | | | | | Total Assets | | 4,950,000. 00 | | | | | | | | Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | Un restricted Contribution | | 3,000,000. 00 | | | Restricted Contribution | | 100,000. 00 | | | Net Income | | 550,000. 00 | | | Unearned Service Revenue | | 200,000. 00 | | | Bank Loan | | 900,000. 00 | | | Accumulated Depreciation | | 200,000. 00 | | | | | | | | Total Liabilities | | 4,950,000. 0| | How do capital structure rations and liquidity rations differ in providing insight into an organization’s ability to pay debt obligations? Liquidity is a company’s ability to meet its maturing short-term obligations. Liquidity is important for conducting business activity especially in times of adversity such as when operating losses occur due to economic conditions or drastic price increases of raw materials or parts. Liquidity ratios show a company’s ability to generate sufficient cash to meet its obligations. Liquidity must be sufficient to cushion such losses.If not, serious financial difficulties may result. An indication of a company’s ability to meet short-term debt obligations; the higher the ratio, the more liquid the company is. Identify and explain two situations where an organization might have increasing activity rations but declining profitability. Activity rations help assess how effectively a company uses its assets. Reference Zelman, W. , McCue, M. , Millikan, A. , and Glick, N. 2009. Financial Management of Health Care Organizations: An Introduction to Fundamental Tools, Concepts, and Applications. 3e. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons.

Problem Solving & Decision Making Techniques Essay

Over the past nine weeks of working in our home groups, we have entered and exited several problem solving and decision making processes. Although we have produced some good solutions, the overall process could be improved. In order to make our group more successful in implementing our chosen solutions we need to : improve on problem solving and decision making techniques, using discussion questions effectively with consideration of conflict management styles in the group. Applying these principles can help achieve true group consensus and increase the groups productivity. In accordance with the functional theory, five task requirements must be met in order to guarantee success. Our group needs improvement in 3 of 5 of the task requirements: discussing and creating criteria, identifying alternatives, and thoroughly evaluating alternative ( strengths and weaknesses) based on criteria. To refocus the group on improving our execution of the task requirements associated with functional theory, I hypothesize that PMOPS and PERT would be highly effective. PMOPS, acronym for procedural model of problem solving, is a flexible guideline that leads through phases of problem solving process. We must also improve our review process of procedures and proposed final decision. The use of systematic problem solving procedures, like PMOPS, keeps groups of point. This type of procedure makes sure group doesn’t miss any vital steps, which aids in producing effective solutions. As a group we need to create and rank our criteria, based on importance to group members. Clarifying what is important to individual group members fosters group satisfaction and provides insight to personal values. To the identify other alternatives, the use of critical thinking strategies can be effective for example: brainstorming and problem mapping. As we move through the decision making process and begin proposing solutions, a member should be listing all that are discussed. Often there are too many options to be thoroughly discussed due to time constraints. When encountered with the issue of time, narrowing the list of solutions becomes paramount. Some of the solutions may be similar, and therefore can be combined. If combining doesn’t eliminate enough options, we can take a vote on which are most favored. Voting, as a process of elimination, could assist members who are less verbal in stating their opinion (Nancy and  Albert). However, charting pros and cons can be a more effective and objective procees of elimination. All options need to be assessed for meeting out criteria. we seldom establish criteria at the start of a discussion, or follow through with any of the previously mentioned techniques. After selecting a solution we must implement it, preferably in my opinion, using PERT. † Pert helps do this by as king those responsible for implementation to makes a chart showing deadline dates for completion of various tasks and the names of individuals or groups responsible† (Adams, 2012). We can also improve our decision making process by effectively using discussion questions, to unearth true nature of problem/charge. Discussion questions allow the group to locate a solution, for problem, question, or issue, that focuses on what â€Å"should† be done. The use of vague or limiting question s could be stifling production of alternatives. † As an impact variable, the discussion question has a far-reaching effect on the systems throughput process and its subsequent output. We should try to avoid using either-or structure and including answers in questions. This is a manipulative ploy that is often used in our group, especially by me. Also using ambiguous or double-barreled vernacular can mislead or confuse the group. I am also a perpetrator of this, often used to persuade opposing members. Thoroughly discussing the problem also keeps group from becoming solution minded prematurely. My group often does this, jumping headfirst in deciding on a solution. We completely skip evaluating a generating alternatives. This can limit options that may be more beneficial for the group to perform better. PMOPS and other systematic procedures my correct this frequent group behavior. Putting to use the different conflict management styles in the group could possibly aid in our reducing the time used during our decision making process. If we better understand the styles in play we can become more cohesive and increase member involvement. Our group is seemingly fairly cohesive, but lack of member involvement (Albert and Nancy) possibly prove otherwise. Their lack of involvement, avoidance style, limits their input of opinions. So we cannot be absolutely sure where they stand and if they agree with decisions. Christina exhibits some avoidance, as it relates to conflict, and switches to collaborative style to eventually referee lengthy arguments. Mason usually takes on a competitive style, usually arguing adamantly and proposing supportive evidence for his  arguments. When this becomes fleeting, he turns to a more collaborative style to meet his needs. I was observed to be quite competitive until stalemate is reached, and the transition into an accommodating style is used to reach a consensus. I have assessed the problem solving and decision making processes my group most readily uses, as well as flaws in its execution. Our group could really benefit from the use of systematic problem solving procedures like, PMOPS and PERT. Coming to the realization that discussion questions are important, has influenced me to use them in discussion. They are necessary for clarifying the problem and coming up with the best possible solutions. With that being said; understanding and proper application of our conflict management styles will aid in all areas needing improvement. Bibliography Adams , K. , Galanes , G. (2012). Communicating in groups: Applications and skills New York: McGraw-Hill. Larson , C. E. , Lafasto , F. M. J. , (1989). TeamWork: What Must Go Right, What Can Go Wrong. Newbury Park: Sage.

Expository-Migration and Change Essay Example

Expository Expository-Migration and Change Essay Expository-Migration and Change Essay Essay Topic: Expository Chance means change. For decades, thousands of migrants arriving in Australia, all face the same dilemma, how do I live here? With such a different environment and lifestyle to get accustomed to, how can a person adjust themselves to a new way of life after living their whole life somewhere else? But does it matter? Migrants have a free choice. They come and stay if they see what they like, if not they take the next flight back to wherever. But for the most part, those migrants won’t see what they could have here.It seems more and more migrants are coming into Australia to settle and 16 –year-old, Wendy Chan, who recently arrived in Melbourne south, is no exception. Wendy is currently trying to adjust to her new home with a care-free approach. She does not take any harsh feelings in moving to Australia, and even though the language barrier is difficult to overcome, she is trying her best because she found this journey to be enjoyable. â€Å"I go to an intensive English language school and I made a few friends. Everyone is very friendly. By being able to attend school and learn about the new home and culture that they live in, migrants would be able to adjust easily into their new society, making their experience more enjoyable and worthwhile. Because of this, the number of migrants makes up 25% of the population of Australia (2009) and is increasing as the years go by (The Australians Bureau of Statistics). Thus, meaning that migrants are warming up to the Australian way and is likely to want to settle as permanent residents. But this is not the case with other individual migrants.When asked about other migrants; â€Å"Everyone is from different places and all our English is about the same level, so we get along pretty well. † Wendy sees that other migrants are in the same boat as her and is treated decently, but unfortunately some migrants are treated quite the opposite. They get cussed, pushed, bullied, and denied their right as seen on the 2005 Cronulla beaches, where the biggest racism riot between Australians and Lebanese people occurred. Part of this misdemeanour is not their fault, but is of the original inhabitants.Maybe the Australians don’t like being invaded by unfamiliar races and nationalities, or maybe they just don’t like the way the ‘new kid’ dresses. Either way, this is a very difficult situation for migrants to handle. On top of a stressful journey, migrants are forced to endure the aggressive behaviour of the Australians. Please. Are we so jaded that we can’t be bothered with our jobs and have to take out our boredom on these asylum seekers? These deeds are exactly what are preventing migrants to adapt properly, preventing them to see what a great country Australia is and all the benefits that it can offer.We are soiling our reputation as a multicultural country with these acts. A part of a migrant’s journey is for them to adapt to the new country and live t heir ways. What if a migrant does not want to change for the better? This only causes problems for them. â€Å"The biggest problem is my English is not good. † Wendy Chan confesses, this is also every other migrant’s problem as well. As researched by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, in 2001, 16% of the population of Australians all spoke a different language other than English at home.This is all due to the years of immigration, imagine now, ten years later, how many more languages have we picked up and increased? But that is not the point here, a migrant who comes from a different background, of course, would know a language other than English, and is probably best at that than English too. But does that give them the excuse of not learning English because it’s ‘difficult’? Migrants who choose to live in Australia, hi, we are AUSTRALIA and in this country, we speak ENGLISH, if you want to live here too, speak ENGLISH. Immigrants, not Australian s, must adapt. Take it or leave it. †(Julia Gillard, march 2011). If a migrant would only see the positive instead of the negatives, life would be very easy. The endless opportunities await them, if they are willing to open their eyes to those chances. It’s hard, adaption, well at first, it is, but as time goes on a migrant will unknowingly adjust themselves to the Australian way. Whether they want to or not, if they want to stay here, they will have to change and learn about the country before them.

Free Essays on Piagetian Video Case Study

Piagetian Video Case Study I began Michael-Joseph with Piaget’s task Conservation of Numbers by lining up two identical rows horizontally of three small stick pretzels. I asked, â€Å"Do both rows have the same number of pretzels?† He replied â€Å"yes†. Then I lengthened one row by placing one extra pretzel and asked him, â€Å"Now does one row have more pretzels in it than the other row?† He answered, â€Å"yes†. Conservation of Matter was the next task. I placed two identical balls of play dough (same size and shape) in front of Michael-Joseph. I asked, â€Å"Do these two balls have the same amount of play dough in them?† He replied â€Å"yes†. Without adding play dough, I changed the shape of one ball by flattening it. I asked him if he now thought that one of the play dough’s had more? His response was â€Å"no†. In conducting the Conservation of Length, I aligned vertically two unsharpened pencils (same length) in front of Michael-Joseph and asked, â€Å"Are these two pencils the same length?† His reply was â€Å"yes†. Without changing the size, I moved one pencil to the right and asked, â€Å"Now are the two pencils the same length?† Michael-Joseph answered â€Å"yes†. Conservation of Volume was the last task I conducted on Michael-Joseph. Measuring cup he observed me pour 1 cup of water into two identical glasses and dropping two identical play dough balls in each glass. I asked him if the balls moved the same amount of water in each glass he answered â€Å"yes†. Then I took one ball and changed its shape and placed it back into the cup of water. â€Å"Will the balls still move equal amounts of water in each glass?† Michael-Joseph answered, â€Å"yes†. Piaget’s tasks clearly represent Michael-Joseph at the concrete operational stage of cognitive development. When conducting each task he was able to solve each task in a logical fashion. During the tasks his recognition of the physical world aided him to re... Free Essays on Piagetian Video Case Study Free Essays on Piagetian Video Case Study Piagetian Video Case Study I began Michael-Joseph with Piaget’s task Conservation of Numbers by lining up two identical rows horizontally of three small stick pretzels. I asked, â€Å"Do both rows have the same number of pretzels?† He replied â€Å"yes†. Then I lengthened one row by placing one extra pretzel and asked him, â€Å"Now does one row have more pretzels in it than the other row?† He answered, â€Å"yes†. Conservation of Matter was the next task. I placed two identical balls of play dough (same size and shape) in front of Michael-Joseph. I asked, â€Å"Do these two balls have the same amount of play dough in them?† He replied â€Å"yes†. Without adding play dough, I changed the shape of one ball by flattening it. I asked him if he now thought that one of the play dough’s had more? His response was â€Å"no†. In conducting the Conservation of Length, I aligned vertically two unsharpened pencils (same length) in front of Michael-Joseph and asked, â€Å"Are these two pencils the same length?† His reply was â€Å"yes†. Without changing the size, I moved one pencil to the right and asked, â€Å"Now are the two pencils the same length?† Michael-Joseph answered â€Å"yes†. Conservation of Volume was the last task I conducted on Michael-Joseph. Measuring cup he observed me pour 1 cup of water into two identical glasses and dropping two identical play dough balls in each glass. I asked him if the balls moved the same amount of water in each glass he answered â€Å"yes†. Then I took one ball and changed its shape and placed it back into the cup of water. â€Å"Will the balls still move equal amounts of water in each glass?† Michael-Joseph answered, â€Å"yes†. Piaget’s tasks clearly represent Michael-Joseph at the concrete operational stage of cognitive development. When conducting each task he was able to solve each task in a logical fashion. During the tasks his recognition of the physical world aided him to re...

How to Use Flash Cards to Study Chemistry

How to Use Flash Cards to Study Chemistry Flash cards can be a great study aid. You can use them to help memorize facts, lists, and structures as well as to reinforce important concepts. Heres how to prepare and use flash cards to study. Learning Facts with Flash Cards Start with a stack of blank index cards.On one side of a card, write a question or name of a structure you need to memorize. On the back of the card, write the answer. Limit yourself to one fact per card.Prepare as many cards as you need.To use the cards effectively, view the question and quiz yourself. Do you know the answer? Check the back of the card. If you answered correctly, set the card aside. If you were wrong, place the card on the back of your stack so that you will see it again.Proceed through your stack of cards. Set aside cards you get right and continue through cards you get wrong until you have gotten all questions/answers correct.Now shuffle the cards and repeat the process.Practice makes perfect, so if you get frustrated, set the cards aside and come back to them. Go through your cards every day (or more often, if you are cramming). Memorizing a List with Flash Cards If you are memorizing an ordered list, try to guess the next card before you look at it. Continue through your list until you get a wrong answer.With the cards in the same order, start from the beginning and go through the cards to see if you can get further.For long lists, it may help to break the list up into manageable pieces, such as three smaller stacks of cards. Once you get the smaller stacks correct, put them together and see if you can recite the entire list.

TYCO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

TYCO - Essay Example Lack of plan will leave leaders and staffs clueless on where the company is headed and what strategies are best get there. In order to highlight these statements, this paper will take a deeper look at planning function of management in Tyco International (Tyco). The first section will be a brief introduction to the business organization in order to fully recognize the issues that it faces. Secondly, this paper will identify and analyze the legal issues, ethics and corporate responsibility which have a profound impact on its planning function. Lastly, it will analyze three factors which influence its tactical, operational, strategic, and contingency planning. Tyco International is "is a highly diversified global company that provides thousands of products and services vitally important to residential and commercial customers" (Tyco 2008). The business organization's product line is diverse which range from electronic security and alarm monitoring to fire-fighting equipment and breathing apparatus, and from water purification and flow control solutions to galvanized steel tubes and armored wire and cable. The company is organized into five business segments namely ADT Worldwide, Fire Protection Services, Safety Products, Flow Control, and Electrical and Metal Products (Tyco 2008). The operation planning function of management in Tyco has always been influenced by the legal issues that can surface from the decision that it makes. It should be noted that being a prominent and one of the largest companies in the world, Tyco faced the legal implications of its actions as it is always under the scrutiny of its stakeholders including the government, its stockholders, and its customers. With its quest in conquering the global business arena by opening up operations in countries all over the world, Tyco maintains its commitment in adhering to the laws and regulations implemented in the geographical regions where it operates. The company has always considered upholding its legal standards through its adherence to the financial reporting standards which is set by the governing bodies. It should be noted that while large companies like Enron and HealthSouth faced legal battles in 2001-2003, Tyco retains its credibility by emphasizing its commitment to report its activi ties utilizing the preset standards (Tyco International 2008). In this, it can be seen that Tyco's initial plan to be successful in its operation by being mindful to the various legal constraints becomes visible. Until now, the legality of the operation of the company and its different processes is a primary concern in its planning activities. Ethics have also been an important part of the culture of Tyco which also becomes a tenet in its long-term and short-term plans. Through its commitment of upholding moral excellence among its directors and leaders, the business organization have had taken actions in order to eliminate dishonesty and abuse of power. It should be noted that during 2002, Tyco filed federal suit against its former executive president Mark Swartz and corporate counsel Frank Walsh for

Hierarchical Structure in a Modern Organization Essay

Hierarchical Structure in a Modern Organization - Essay Example In the modern day organizations’ context, the employees’ working within the organization need a supervision that facilitates them to have a clear vision with regard to the organizational goals as well as initiates and influences them to attain or accomplish the desired goals. It has been apparently observed that in the modern day organizational context, prompt decision making has become almost synonymous to every day transactions made within the organization, thus a clear focus that is generally present amid the top level hierarchy facilitates to right decisions and the right time without much fault. The study will also include the counter arguments with respect to the relevance of the hierarchy within the organizations. The existence of the flatten organization is quite unmanageable at times. The invisible hierarchy remains within the flatten organizations as well. If the employees are bestowed with the responsibility to take the decisions freely without any supervisio n, the power- conflict arises within the organizations. Thus, the existence of the flatten structure without any centralized control within the organization can cause both short-term and long-term hindrances within the organizational premises. The relationship between the hierarchy and the â€Å"the tyranny of invisible† and the difference between the hierarchy and the hierarchism will also be included within the study. The existence of the rhizomes structure within the organization also forms an objective of this study.... ost synonymous to every day transactions made within the organization, thus a clear focus that is generally present amid the top level hierarchy facilitates to right decisions and the right time without much fault. The study will also include the counter arguments with respect to the relevance of the hierarchy within the organizations. The existence of the flatten organization is quite unmanageable at times. The invisible hierarchy remains within the flatten organizations as well. If the employees are bestowed with the responsibility to take the decisions freely without any supervision, the power- conflict arises within the organizations. Thus, the existence of the flatten structure without any centralized control within the organization can cause both short-term and long-term hindrances within the organizational premises. The relationship between the hierarchy and the â€Å"the tyranny of invisible† and the difference between the hierarchy and the hierarchism will also be inc luded within the study. The existence of the rhizomes structure within the organization also forms an objective of this study. Thesis Statement Hierarchy is sustainably/fundamentally relevant in the modern day organization. The Sustainable/Fundamental Relevance of Hierarchy in the Modern Day Organization Modern day organizations have various structural options. The structural options range from the traditional structure towards the better innovative and flexible schemes. The hierarchies differ within the structures and the effectiveness of the different structural scenarios followed within the organization upon the compliance of the structural framework with that of the strategic objective of the company/organization (Nestle, 2011). The various structures comprise the functional structure, the team

Why did President Lyndon Johnson decide to send combat troops to Essay

Why did President Lyndon Johnson decide to send combat troops to Vietnam in 1965 - Essay Example Because it served as a buffer against the further spread of communism in the region, the West, especially the United States made serious efforts in supporting the South. However, South Vietnam’s government apparently failed in living up to the expectations of its people when it comes to uplifting them from poverty and landlessness. In the midst of worse economic disparities between the government bureaucrats and the majority of the people, the National Liberation Front or the Viet Cong began to advance an insurgency with ample support from the North. During the term of Pres. John F. Kennedy, the policy of the U.S. was still that of extreme caution. In treating the Vietnam issue, the Kennedy administration practiced the minimum requirement of the policy of containment, which is to provide logistical support and training to the South Vietnamese Army in order to make it capable in fighting the Viet Cong. By the time of his death, Kennedy had already sent more than 15,000 U.S. mil itary advisors to Vietnam. Even with the presence of that many troops already in a foreign country, the demand for more continued to rise as South Vietnam’s security problems continued to grow worse. ... Just like his predecessors, it was obvious that Johnson was very concerned with how one piece of the domino is about to fall, South Vietnam. It was the domino theory that inspired Kennedy to let the U.S. take an active role in South Vietnam by providing advisors and war materiel to the South Vietnamese Army. It was also this theory that would eventually prompt Johnson to send ground troops to the country. However, the orientation of the large numbers of U.S. troops sent to South Vietnam was not really to strike at the most potential source of support for the insurgency, which is the North. Although the ground troops were utilized to hit the local insurgents, the Viet Cong, they were instructed to take defensive posture against the North Vietnamese Army. This was apparently guided by a political and military response to the domino effect: containment. Containment is essentially defensive posture against the further spread of communism. For politicians who would not want to be labeled as too soft on the communists and who also do not wish to be considered as militarists or hawks, standing for policy of containment would seem to be the viable option. Pres. Johnson was an advocate of containment and this could be seen in the years immediately after he took over when Kennedy died. This policy, however, was constantly criticized by the political right in the U.S. as a sign of weakness, or of the unwillingness to venture into an escalated war that would achieve a quick and decisive victory against the enemy. Johnson defended his policy of containment well during the 1964 elections. His rival, Sen. Barry Goldwater often raised the issue of Vietnam just to portray him as a weak president at a time when the U.S.

HR Apple company Leadership and Motivation&Reward Essay

HR Apple company Leadership and Motivation&Reward - Essay Example Apple Computer Inc. is a company that has gained universal recognition due to its innovative and branded hardware and software that are easy to use, powerful and more elegant as compared to those of their rivals (Carlopio, Andrewartha & Armstrong 2004, p. 217). However, this positive innovation can be attributed to the leadership practices and motivation and reward that are exercised by the management team of this company. This paper will therefore critically evaluate the effect and contribution of leadership practices and motivation on the performance of Apple Computer Inc. and other organizations. For this purpose, the paper aims at providing the clear definitions of leadership and motivation and reward, thereby critically examining different theories appropriate to these practices. According to Gibb, leadership is the process of influence whereby principled and authoritative individuals exercise high level of influence over the subjects or followers than the subjects did over them (qtd in Ladkin 2010, p. 35). Gibb therefore recognized leadership as a processes in which an individual exercised due influence on another in order to complete an assigned task or to achieve a certain objective. On the other hand Marshall describes transformational leadership as the a leadership style whereby a leader identifies an absolute need for change in the organization, formulates a vision that will â€Å"guide the change through inspiration† and lastly, executes the change with the help and commitment of others (2011, p. 3). Transformational leaders therefore tend to work towards achieving extraordinary positive results. Transformational leadership theory has interested of many organizational leaders over the past few years. According to Givens, this theory was established in 1978 by Burns (2008, p. 4). This theory is based on the ability of the leader to provide motivation to the subjects in order to accomplish the general set

Research report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research report - Essay Example It adopted cultural control strategy at strategic level of control and output strategy at operational level. However, in a bid to meet conditions laid for accessing government intervention, certain decisions were taken, which affected the relationship between middle managers and top management. The managers devised various ways of resisting the managerially-imposed change. They planned collectively but acted individually. They capitalized on their good relationship with the factory workers to manipulate the sentiments of the latter against the top management. Their resistance is resentment-based and not necessarily resistance to changes aimed at reducing wastages. For the purpose of this study Oracle Computers Inc. was used as an explanatory case study for some theoretical underpinnings. A middle manager in human resource department was interviewed. The interviewee has worked in the organization for ten years and has been working as a Human Resource manager for 2 years. This report does not claim that this is exactly what the organization is like. The information used relies on the interviewee’s perception. Schein’s (1992) organisational culture model was used to identify what constitutes the culture of the organization under scrutiny. Schein describes that organisational culture constitutes the unspoken and tacit guidelines and expectations that enable people within an organization to get along (Schein 1992). Schein’s model portrays organisational culture as having three levels. These are underlying assumptions, values and artefacts (Linstead, Fulop & Lilley 2004). Underlying assumptions identify the beliefs held by members within the organisation about the organization. Values indicate what staff consider to be important about working within the organization. Artefacts, according to Schein, pertain to visible aspects such as formal procedures and material symbols that say

Information Needs for the AIS Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Information Needs for the AIS - Case Study Example However, changes in the technology of production in a company may necessarily not need be preceded by a change managing of information systems concerning accounting management. Importantly any firm seeking to undertake a change in accounting management systems has to evaluate critically evaluate and settle on an alternative that best solves the problems at hand (Allahyari & Ramazani, 2011). The reason is that the management accounting systems (MAS) conditions depend on the degree to which the causes of change are known to the organization as well as their indicators. Therefore, any hurried change in accounting management in response to technological changes in the manufacturing department could have a serious security risk to an extent of comprising the integrity and security of any data involved in the accounting management 2. The second misinformation is that new information technology guarantees improved accounting management in a company. While IT is a critical tool in accounting management in many firms purchasing and installation of systems and personnel to implement, IT strategies might not be enough to a company. This is because, the integrity of the systems and process depend on those operating the systems and the value that these systems have to the organization in question (De Marco et al., 2012). For instance, there is a high dependency on the ethics and personal responsibility in ensuring effective use of IT systems, a factor that has to be considered in rolling out such systems. For a firm to benefit fully from IT facilities and services in accounting there has to be effective IT governance, proper information system strategies, vision, IT strategic alignment to the strategic vision and mission of the organization (De Marco et al., 2012). 3. Cybercrimes and cyber-attacks are commons resources that only require government intervention to solve. The increasing cases of cyber-attacks in accounting departments and have led industry players to call

Research report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research report - Essay Example It adopted cultural control strategy at strategic level of control and output strategy at operational level. However, in a bid to meet conditions laid for accessing government intervention, certain decisions were taken, which affected the relationship between middle managers and top management. The managers devised various ways of resisting the managerially-imposed change. They planned collectively but acted individually. They capitalized on their good relationship with the factory workers to manipulate the sentiments of the latter against the top management. Their resistance is resentment-based and not necessarily resistance to changes aimed at reducing wastages. For the purpose of this study Oracle Computers Inc. was used as an explanatory case study for some theoretical underpinnings. A middle manager in human resource department was interviewed. The interviewee has worked in the organization for ten years and has been working as a Human Resource manager for 2 years. This report does not claim that this is exactly what the organization is like. The information used relies on the interviewee’s perception. Schein’s (1992) organisational culture model was used to identify what constitutes the culture of the organization under scrutiny. Schein describes that organisational culture constitutes the unspoken and tacit guidelines and expectations that enable people within an organization to get along (Schein 1992). Schein’s model portrays organisational culture as having three levels. These are underlying assumptions, values and artefacts (Linstead, Fulop & Lilley 2004). Underlying assumptions identify the beliefs held by members within the organisation about the organization. Values indicate what staff consider to be important about working within the organization. Artefacts, according to Schein, pertain to visible aspects such as formal procedures and material symbols that say

Information Security Small Businesses Research Paper

Information Security Small Businesses - Research Paper Example Therefore, the protection of information and data should be prioritized as one of the foremost steps in every organization, whether small or large. Identity theft and credit card frauds are aggravating crimes that are witnessed due to criminal acts of data thefts. Organizations around the world tend to suffer such thefts that jeopardize their reputation, and often face lawsuits from their clients. One such incident was witnessed last year with Sony PlayStation when their PlayStation network in the British division faced data theft. The Guardian (2011) reported that around 77 million users’ data was stolen. The stolen information included names, addresses, date of births, passwords and credit card numbers. The data thefts of such nature are likely to cause credit card frauds and bank frauds while attempting identity thefts. The online games service had to remain shut down for a week since they did not want the incident to recur before appropriate measures were taken to combat t he attack. Richmond Williams (2011) stated that such an enormous attack was likely to damage the reputation of Sony and threaten its capability to compete with other giant competitors such as Apple, Google, etc. It is also vital to ensure that information security measures are updated regularly to stop any intruder from taking advantage of any obsolete protection software (which is often noticed in small organizations). Alongside financial losses and reputation damages, ineffective information security measures are also likely to instigate legal actions and investigations against organizations. With reference to the example under discussion, a lawsuit was filed against Sony for not providing enough security to the data of their customers. The customers wanted compensation from Sony for the damages caused by the data theft at Sony. Jones (2011) stated that the respective company was likely to face as much as ?500,000 of fine for not being able to protect their customer’s sensi tive information. With the comprehension of the consequences of not implementing effective security measures, it is also important to understand the different types of vulnerabilities that exist in organizations. Confidentiality of data implies the safe keeping of data against any revelation without the approval of the owner of the information. The revelation of data might not be intentional by the organization; however, the data flow that is implemented for the transfer of the data might involve some unreliable third parties that might take advantage of such exposure of data. Data integrity implies that no change or corruption should happen to the data; such corruption and changes are likely to occur if effective information access procedures are not implemented. Availability of data refers to the presence of data and service upon the need of the customer and employees; cyber attacks on an organization can make an online service go offline or delete important data by adopting diffe rent types of intrusions and virus attacks etc. Authenticity and non-repudiation are interrelated concepts that involve the proof of identity of the interacting parties. Authenticity implies that the interacting

Advances In Biomedical Science And Technology Science Essay

Advances In Biomedical Science And Technology Science Essay Due to the advances in biomedical science and technology, mammalian cloning has, in the last 13 years, become feasible. This first came to the publics attention with the publicity surrounding the creation of Dolly the sheep in 1997. Through the process of HSCNT(Human Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer), hundreds of mammalian organisms have been cloned and carried to term. However, the process is by no means perfect as not only do numerous embryos fail, but many of those born have significant birth defects, some of which only come to light later in development. To this date, no successful human reproductive cloning has occurred. None the less, rapid advances in technology suggest that human cloning will be reliable in the foreseeable future. This realization has led to an unprecedented debate about ethical and human rights issues which must be balanced against the more broadly beneficial aspects of scientific advancement. An immense amount of people believe that cloning completely interferes with ethical and human rights. This is somewhat due to the fact that cloning in animals has not been 100% effective. Animals have been cloned before but many of them have had birth defects and short life spans. Dolly the sheep became a scientific sensation when her birth was announced in 1997. Her relatively early death in February 2003 fuels the debate about the ethics of cloning research and the long-term health of clones. [Science Museum.org; no name reference] Although Dolly lived to be an adult, she was one of 227 attempts to survive this long. This showed the inefficiency and complications of cloning. Hundreds, if not thousands, of attempts are necessary to produce just one viable clone. On average, just 3% of attempts succeed. (Vergoff:2001) The fact that many of the clones (produced in an attempt to produce just one clone) do not live reflects the reason that people believe cloning is cruel. Antoher reason that they might think cloning is innapropriate is because when comparing nuclear generated embryos and embryos produced during sexual reproduction, a significant number of the cloned embryos fail where as not so many natural embryos do. Because of this fact, mainstream scientists agree that due to the very low success rates of reproductive cloning in animals, this technology is not appropriate for application to humans. The side of the public that feels human cloning is wrong is also against it for reasons other than the clones not being reliably functional. According to them, cloning humans is unethical, inhumane and immoral.'[Students for students: 2010] The process is seen as just copying the identical genes, which means it will decrease the diversity of genes. To put it simply, as a human one is meant to see the differences in others and cloning would eliminate this. People would not be completely unique. These people also question the opinion of some parents. They understand that if a parent has a child whose kidneys fail, that they would be willing to clone their child as to donate one of their newly cloned childs kidneys to their own child. However, one could then question whether it would not be strange to suddenly have two identical children. This is where personality is brought to attention. Although human cloning is the process by which an exact genetic replica is made of an individual, this does not, necessarily, mean the same personality, or person, would develop.(Cadena:2007) The question that stands is whether the clone is inferior and different to the general public or not. Most do not like the idea of cloning as it will separate us into two different groups: humans and clones. Aldous Huxley reflects his point of view in his book, Brave New World in a satirical sense. He shows his view of the future with human cloning in a negative way. The novel is set in London in the years that Huxley calls A.F. which stands for after Ford. Henry Ford is the developer of the assembly line technique of mass production and the mass production implies cloning in this sense. At the beginning of the novel, the director of a centre called Hatcheries and Conditioning is taking a group of young students on a tour around one of the labs. He shows them how human beings are custom made and placed into different social castes which were almost like different cultural groups(minus the culture). He then leads them to a special room where the humans are brain-washed. A common phrase that the brain-washed characters say throughout the novel is Put your arms around meHug me till you drug me, honeyKiss me till Im in a coma. Hug me honey, snuggly [Lenina, Chapter 13, pg. 194] His novel relates to the debate of cloning as it reflects his idea of a future with human cloning. Although it is satirical and far-fetched, it makes one question cloning as it displays cloning in a negative way (all humans being the same and put into categories). The anti-human cloning groups see the future of cloning in a similar manner: dark and once again, inhumane. Taking the above concerns into consideration, many people still believe that human cloning is entirely beneficial. This is because there are an incredible number of positive outcomes of human reproductive cloning. On the lighter, appreance side: Dr. Richard Seed, one of the leading proponents of human cloning technology, suggests that it may someday be possible to reverse the aging process because of what is learnt from cloning. Plus, cloning could better cosmetic procedures such a breast implants. This is because with the new technolog, doctors will be able to produce things such as fat, bone and cartialage that matches the patients exactly. On the more serious side, scientists may one day be able to treat people that have had heart attacks by cloning their normal heart cells and placing them in the damaged areas of their heart, give victims of accidents which cause any parts of their body to become deformed their original face features back through cloning(limbs for amputees may be regernerated) and even give women looking for breast augumentations implants the same as their normal tissues in order to prevent them ferom becoming ill. On average, one carries 8 defective genes inside of them which cause them to become sick when they would otherwise remain healthy. With human cloning and its technology it may be possible to ensure that we no longer suffer because of our defective genes. [Smith, S] Many life threatening illnesses such as cancer, leukimea, kidney failure and liver failure could be taken away due to cloning. Ont op of this, cloning technology can test for and possibly even cure genetic diseases. Propnents of cloning also suggest it may serve as a treatment for infertility, allowing those who cannot/can no longer reproduce to pass on genes to future generations. [Kolehmainen,Sophie] A lot of parents think of human reproductive cloning as a way of saving childrens lives. There are plenty of examples of what could happen in the future after human reproductive cloning begins: If a couple becomes infertile after having one child, they would be able to clone their child to have a second one. Parents also state that they would find human cloning benefficial as if they lost their child in an accident, they could get their perfect baby back.(Smith, S) The general attitude of this group of people is why not? If a person can be saved from leukemia, why would anyone feel the need to stop this from happening? Despite this question there is still a debate in which many other factors contribute. An example of one of these is religion. Many in the Western nations wonder whether clones would have a soul. They also question whether it is playing God or not if humans create rather than naturally conceive. Many groups have publicly disapproved of human reproductive and human therapeutic cloning. These include religious organisations, such as the Catholic Church, who disapprove of these technologies. [Werts, D, C: 2002] Go on about regulation.(cant be extended globally) Many groups have publicly disapproved of human reproductive and human therapeutic cloning. Ask dad Although there are many negatives to do with human reproductive cloning, it is expected that it will occur in the future. This is because there are so many bennifits of this cloning surrounding medical purposes. Personally, I worry about what a future with human reproductive cloning will hold. In my opinion, I think it would be ideal if, in the future, cell cloning could be used for medical purposes only and not human reproductive cloning for reasons such as infertility as this would be immoral. However, there is a chance that cloning will not happen in the future and this would probably be best. We are humans and we cannot change the fact that some of us cannot have children or predict the day we are going to die. This is the way of life and to me, cloning humans in this way does not seem right. All in all, the topic holds a debate that will continue for a long period of time before any decisions are made. etc

The Existence of Evil :: Philosophy Religion Ethics Essays

The Existence of Evil Six years ago a little girl from my church approached me and asked why the devil existed, and why bad things happen. At the moment I was a little perplexed and did not know what to say. All that came to my mind was that humankind needed a scapegoat to blame for the occurrence of unfavorable incidents. Blaming adverse conditions on the devil is the easy and obvious way out of any situation. All one has to do is to say that the devil was the cause of the situation and wash his hands of the entire problem. At twelve years old, I thought that humanity used the devil as a way to elude responsibility and to ignore the consequences of its actions. It was not until last year that I realized the answer to the little girl's question about the existence of evil. In English class last year I read Arthur Miller's play The Crucible as required reading. According to my English teacher, one theme of The Crucible was that having evil in the world is necessary to balance out the goodness. If either entity overpowered the other, they would throw off the entire balance. Beside maintaining balance, evilness helps humanity to appreciate the goodness in the world. Without ugliness, a person cannot enjoy beauty. Without misfortune, a person cannot enjoy fortune. And without evilness, a person cannot enjoy goodness. No one could enjoy goodness in the world, because there would be nothing to compare with it. Concerning religion, if there was no devil in the world to make humanity miserable, then it would not look forward to heaven. There would be no difference between the two, so humankind would not have to question its actions because there would not be any consequences such as heaven or hell. Imagine a world where everything is perfect, and there is no suffering. Natural laws are bent at the hint of harm to humanity. If a plane carrying passengers starts to plummet, gravity ceases and the plane floats down to earth like a feather. Or if a gun is shot at a person, the bullet turns into a marshmallow so it will not harm anyone. In that world there is no pain nor suffering, just existence. The people do not have to adapt to their environment, because the environment adapts to them. I find this version of life frightening, because the people would take everything for granted.

Self-discovery in Siddhartha Essay -- Hesse Siddhartha Essays

Self-discovery in Siddhartha Siddhartha, the novel by Hermann Hesse is what can be included as one of the epitomes of allegorical literature. This wondrous novel is focused on the tribulations of Siddhartha through his quest for inner peace. He started out as a young Brahmin's son always thirsting for more intellect and perspective in his life and from there on he endured many transitions. Siddhartha let himself experience all forms of life in his society. He unhesitatingly learned more about how different people lived by stepping into their shoes. He gained the vast varieties of intellect and perspective that he had longed for through his diversity, and he shrewdly applied it to compose his accurate philosophies of everyday life. Siddhartha's character exemplifies the insatiable feeling that everybody harbors. He stood for a unity of individuals. He stood for their thirst, and most importantly he stood for their ultimate quench; He stood for the insatiable feelings that all people have and need to eventually fill. As the Brahmin's son, Siddhartha could not contain himself. He was restless and felt that he had learned all he had to learn amongst his elders, and he was right. He chose to follow another path in life, a path that would show him another part of how people in his world lived. Siddhartha did not allow himself to stick to something that he could not feel to be right, thus he could not stay and worship the gods his father worshipped. He, as disconte... ...the same time, which all continually changed and renewed themselves and which were yet all Siddhartha... He saw the naked bodies of men and women in the postures and transports of passionate love...He saw all these forms and faces in a thousand relationships to each other, all helping each other, loving, hating and destroying each other and become newly born..." (p121) Siddhartha not only experienced them but he overcame them so well that he eventually achieved a great peace inside of him. He was an example for people to follow through the rigorous course of self discovery.

Role of Rosaline in Romeo and Juliet

Would anything be lost (or gained) if Rosaline were never mentioned? Rosaline is the niece of Lord Capulet whom Romeo falls in love with prior to the play, Romeo and Juliet; however, she doesn’t reciprocate Romeo’s feelings as she has chosen to remain celibate. In most film adaptations, she is usually omitted, yet Romeo is always grieving for his rejected love at the beginning of every adaption. Now, this is rather paradoxical as Rosaline is not important enough to be portrayed by an actor, yet she is always mentioned by Romeo. So would anything be gained or lost if Rosaline is removed from the original play? Theoretically, Rosaline is only important in this play for Romeo’s past with her, but if she is removed, Romeo wouldn’t have attended the party where he meets Juliet, and consequently he would appear less impulsive and passionate. To the audience, Romeo’s love for Rosaline helps them to understand the depth and nature of Romeo’s relationship with Juliet. When the audience first meet Romeo, he is seen moping around Verona because Rosaline cannot return his love as she chose to be chaste for life. This affects him greatly as he becomes depressed and he alienates himself from his friends and families; indeed, all he can think of is his rejected love. Subsequently, Benvolio, cousin of Romeo, attempts to make Romeo forget about Rosaline by telling him to examine other beauties of Verona, which Romeo refuses to do. However, when a Capulet servant asks them to read the guest list for the Capulet’s party, from which Romeo finds out that Rosaline, is expected to attend; Benvolio then suggests Romeo to crash the party in order to look at other beauties of Verona, and Romeo reluctantly agrees. While at the party, when he is looking for Rosaline, he sees Juliet for the first time and falls in love with her immediately. Therefore, Rosaline is often seen as a plot device as her presence at the Capulet party convinced Romeo to seek for her, where he would ultimately fall in love with Juliet. Romeo’s love for Rosaline has been dismissed by literary critics as childish and many believe that Shakespeare uses Rosaline’s unattainable love to contrast with Juliet’s feelings. Most characters use poetry to express their feelings, and Romeo is no exception to this, especially when declaring his feelings. There is a noticeable difference between the poems he writes for Rosaline and Juliet; the former focuses more on Rosaline’s beauty while the latter focuses more on the love they share between them. Friar Lawrence remarked that Romeo’s affection for Rosaline is not real as Romeo is repeating the poems that he memorised; however, the poems he makes for Juliet is spontaneous and far more affectionate. The origin of Romeo’s attention for Rosaline is questioned by critics and readers. There is no doubt that Romeo and Juliet are a pair of star-crossed lover who are meant to be together, and in many ways, Juliet influences Romeo. However, Friar Lawrence remarks to Romeo that â€Å"Is Rosaline, whom thou didst love so dear, /So soon forsaken? Young men’s love then lies/Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes. † Therefore, it is possible that Romeo may have never conversed with Rosaline, thus the basis for his love would lie in her physical appearance. Comparing with a pre-destined love, Romeo’s reason for loving Rosaline appears childish and weak. Romeo’s relationship with Rosaline also makes his love for Juliet more secretive and it helps to emphasis the feud between the two households. Most of Romeo’s friend, including Benvolio and Mercutio, know of his love for Rosaline, as Mercutio is constantly making remarks about that â€Å"same pale hard-hearted wrench† and Romeo could do nothing more than saying â€Å"he jests at scars that never felt a wound† when he is alone. However, Romeo’s love for Juliet is only known to 2 people; the Friar and the Nurse, and if it had been known by more people, the feud between the Capulets and Montagues would have ended. On the day Romeo got married to Juliet, he is challenged by Tybalt but he declines it they are kinsman now, through his marriage. However, Romeo is unable to explain to Tybalt as to why he can’t duel him who then provokes Mercutio to duel Tybalt for Romeo, and it results in a death that leads to Romeo’s banishment. Lastly, Romeo’s love for Rosaline contributes greatly to Romeo’s characterization as a passionate and impulsive man. His passion is demonstrated by his willingness to be estranged from his family, as he tells no-one about his rejected love and he refuses to accept Benvolio’s advice, which is to forget Rosaline. His impulsivity is demonstrated through how quickly he forgets about Rosaline; in Act 1, Scene 4, Romeo says to Mercutio that â€Å"I am too sore enpierced with his shaft†¦Under love’s heavy burden do I sink. It is evident that he is still lovesick for Rosaline. However, in Act 2, Scene 5, he proclaims that â€Å"Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! † And in Act 2, Scene 3, Rosaline vanished from his memory altogether by his â€Å"I have forgot that name, and that name’s woe. † No-one can fall out of love in under a day, and thus, Rosaline helped to characterized Romeo as an impulsive man. In short, Rosaline is important to Romeo and Juliet not because that she is a major character; in fact, she isn’t portrayed in most film adaptations. However, she is important as she is a plot device, essential to Romeo’s first meeting with Juliet. Her relationship with Romeo is often used to contrast with his love for Juliet. Their relationship emphasises the secrecy of his bond with Juliet as the former is publically known while the latter is only known to two people; this also helped to stress the enmity between the Capulets and the Montagues. Finally, Romeo’s short-lived love contributes greatly to Romeo’s characterization as a passionate and impulsive man. Therefore, without Rosaline, the story would lose a great amount of detail.

Lady Macbeths Character Analysis

Lady Macbeths Character At the beginning of the play Lady Macbeth is very eager on taking the throne and would do anything in order to get it, even. She is also very controlling over her husband and demanding. We first see Lady Macbeth in the play when she is reading a letter from macbeth who is explaining what his future holds from him according to the three witches, which is that he will take on the throne. Lady Macbeth already is very ambitious about this and starts to plan to kill King Duncan. She says ‚‘‘ Hie thee hither,That I may pour my spirits in thine ear;‘‘ This suggests that she is controlling and whatever she tells Macbeth she will easily persuade and control him to kill king Duncan. Lady macbeth is suggesting that her maternal instincts and her nurturing nature is stopping her from killing King Duncan. She says ‚‘‘ Unsex me here and full me from the crown to the toe, come to my woman breasts and take my milk for gall‘‘. This suggests shes wanting to get rid of her feminity, so she can actually be evil without feeling guilty and that take her milk which she would used to care for her child into poison. She then struggles to overcome her feminity and makes Macbeth kill King Duncan. She then sees the throne in sight and is extremely happy about this but Macbeth’s conscience fights with him making him feel guilty and regret what he has done. The Blood is a

Formation and Maintenance of Relationship

Describe and evaluate the formation and maintenance of relationships In the field of psychology, the most common relationships are classified into 3 types: * Romantic relationship * Social relationships (Friendship) * Family relationship Romantic relationships Formation: According to the Reward/ Need satisfaction theory of Bryne and Clore in the 1970s, some romantic relationship may develop due to their satisfaction and happiness they achieve when spending time with the other partner. Most people when being asked why they are attracted to their partners would reply back with answers like attentive, attractive, supporting, caring, etc.This suggests that we are more likely to be attracted to people that we are satisfied or gratified to be with. Most stimuli in our lives can be classified into negative and rewarding ones. We tend to search for rewarding stimuli and avoid the negative stimuli. The things that we are most likely going to find rewarding tend to reflect our unsatisfied need s such as the need for company, financial security, an attractive partner and so on. Mutual attractions usually occurs when one meets the other’s needs although one might need company and the other in search for financial security. Maintenance:What keeps relationships going? Some relationship never seem to last and have any passion in while some can be extremely long-lasting and may even last for a life-time. Maintaining relationships was never a one-way process, it involves and requires the interaction of both the participants, each with their own needs and expectations. The partners not only have to serve their own needs but also satisfy the needs of their partners. The social exchange theory by Thibaut and Kelley in 1959: In terms of profit and loss, individuals always attempt to maximise the profit and minimise the effort needed.Rewards that may be received in a relationship can vary from care, money, companionship and sex. The effort needed that is the costs may vary fro m financial investments, time spent and attention given. The reward minus the costs is equal to the outcome or the profitability of the relationship. The stress of a relationship is dependent on the profitability of the relationship. Equilty theory of Walster et al. in 1978: This theory suggests that the most successful and longterm relationships are ones that have a balanced giving and receiving.It had a central assumption that everyone long for fairness in their relationship and when one puts a lot of effort into the relationship but gets little in return, they would feel unfair and inequity would create stress in the relationship, The greater the unfairness and inequity is, the more distress it would create in the relationship. Other theories: Other theories such as the one put forward by Steil and Wletman in 1991 suggests that men and women may judge the equity of a relationship more differently.Studies have shown that when the income is mainly from the male side, the career wou ld become a more important priority and it is usually agreed by both sides. However, when the female earn more than the male, neither partner rated their career as priority. Social relationships: Friendship Interpersonal psychology research object: Psychological relationship between people, is something much deeper than behavior, the relevance and necessity of the law of the behavior of the individual exchanges.Interpersonal theory of psychological research tasks: Is to fully reveal and clarify the general rules and mechanisms of interpersonal development, analyze the theoretical basis of interpersonal figure out individual and personal interaction of individuals and groups, and people in the system of interpersonal functioning explore interpersonal attitudes, social perception, self-perception, psychological control, interpersonal influence, interpersonal attraction, interpersonal conflict and group behavior, interpersonal.To establish interpersonal psychology unique concepts, term inology, category system, to provide a basis for further improve interpersonal psychology scientific theoretical system, accumulation of material for the enrichment and development of psychological theory and methods, this is a long and arduous job. At the same time, but also the interpersonal psychology in China as soon as possible, that is suitable for China's national conditions, after selection – intake – the Chinese way, to establish the actual interpersonal psychology system in line with China's national conditions for reform and opening up.Task of the interpersonal psychological research practice: (1) the right to deal with interpersonal relationships. (2) to adjust the interpersonal relationships. (3) continue to improve interpersonal relationships. (4) the development of new relationships. (5) correct deformity relationships. Interpersonal relations and social relations: (1) interpersonal and social relations are two different concepts, can not be confused.Int erpersonal relationships as a social relationship between the role and any other kind of social relations, is bound by the constraints of the relations of production, but also by other social relations, and thus should be examined in the interpersonal relationships within the social relations. At the same time, we should also see interpersonal relationships is the true reality of social relations phenomenon. 2) interpersonal and objective social relations is generated at the same time, interpersonal outset by the constraints impact of social relations, social relations exist in the relationships among Of course, social relations with the interpersonal concept of two-level has different theoretical generalization force. Emphasize the reality of the relationship between the overall aspects of non-personalized social relations, interpersonal relationships is more individual, personalized to show the reality aspect.Relationships are formed on the basis of the social relations, but not t he same thing. Social relations is the object of sociological research, which on the one hand to study the relationship of the human and material; the other hand, social relations, including the relationship between the ideological, legal relationship, the moral relationship. While interpersonal interpersonal direct psychological relations, it is constrained by social relations, is a reflection of social relations, but it has a certain relative independence.Relationships are a product of social relations: (1) any kind of interpersonal is always social relations. (2) the fundamental nature of human relationships is determined by the nature of the social patterns of social relations of production. (3) changes in interpersonal relationships is determined by changes in social relations. (4) the complexity of the personal relationships is determined by the complexity of the social relations. Necessity of interpersonal Research:Not exist in isolation, the links with the community, is boun d to a variety of relationships, including family relationships, friend relationship, Jacky (students) relationship, the teacher-student relationship, employment relationship, comrades relations, colleagues and leadership and leadership relations. With the thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the process of interaction of these relationships, interaction and communication with others, these relations between different objects will point to different directions.Healthy relationship is to attract and cooperation; but because of the environmental impact of personality factors, psychological factors and other reasons, many people deal with bad interpersonal relationships will inevitably be caught in the contradictions and pain, the relationship between the parties do not have enough wisdom to resolve resulting inner conflict, will be plunged into a crisis of human relationships, even interpersonal psychological barriers, thereby reducing their life happiness index.Important links between interpersonal and psychological health, good interpersonal comes from a healthy state of mind, self-confident, optimistic, calm, fraternity, to help others, humility, tolerance, and so on, these good quality behavior in interpersonal play a very good role in promoting, healthy relationships can also make people relieve stress, calm down, people's personal development, physical and mental health also played a positive role.On the other hand, problems in interpersonal relationships, will be more or less there some psychological problems, even psychological barriers interpersonal, in the interaction between people, they express more conceited, self-esteem negative psychological interference of others, suspicious, sensitive, jealous, resulting interpersonal again and again thwarted. Therefore, to study the psychology of interpersonal relationships came into being.

Spa Resorts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Spa Resorts - Essay Example The growth of resort based or singular spa-only industry has its specific general development, management and operation related issues. While measuring the growth of the spa industry, another significant purpose of this paper is to analyze the related issues of the spa industry. Definition of Spa ISPA (2013) defines spa as destinations dedicated to complete well-being via a range of professional services that boost the rejuvenation of mind, body and soul. Depending upon a client’s aims and what the client is expecting from a spa experience, he/she will inquire to find out the differences in spas and their offerings. For example, for a spa getaway that includes lodging and other provisions, cruise ship, hotel/resort and destination spas can be opted out. For a simple wax or single service, a day spa could suit well (ISA, 2013). Although there is no specific design layout for developing spas, but the hotel firm Marriott, for example, has fixed spa parameters for their properties . 'The Spa Book' provides spa design parameters and functioning guidelines for their hotels and resorts, and is also helpful to developers and the design team as they develop spas for Marriott-labeled properties. Properties must fulfill these stipulated parameters to project 'spa', as an added facility (Monteson and Singer, 2004). Parts of Spas/Resort-based Spas Some basic parts of a spa include: a welcome desk division of men's and women's locker rooms and facilities, and possibly an issuance welcome desk and a lounge bridging between men's and women's facility areas, which generally are equipped with a steam room, sauna, whirlpool, cool-dip pool and lounge (some spas enlarge it with a juice bar and/ or small cafe where wine and beer can be optionally served dry treatment cabins for massage and facials wet treatment cabins for services like body wraps and scrubs hydrotherapy cabins for baths and hydro-massages attended fitness studio with exercise machines an alternate exercise stu dio for classes retail store Parlor for hair, nails and, possibly for make-up (Monteson and Singer, 2004). Spas are confused generally with medi-spas, which are rising in numbers and are in great demand for offering medical procedures, such as Botox, cosmetic surgery, and similar other medi-spas. Historically, the purpose of spas is to offer preventive medical treatments like hydrotherapy, and mostly mix water-based routines with destination spa activities (e.g., healthy lifestyle behavioral changes or improvements) (Tabacchi, 2010). General Development, Management and Operation Issues As spa industry is not as traditional as other segments of hospitality industry, its development issues arise because of the general impression that spa visitors are niche clients belonging to affluent classes only, who can afford luxuries. This tendency affected the growth of spa industry initially, as a distinct entity, different from hotel/resort spas. Management and operation issues of spa industr y are not similar to the issues faced by tourism industry in general. General operations and management issues crop up in spas, as they are managed on the lines of traditional hotel and resort management strategies. Spa sales need different strategies for getting materialized, which are different from hotel and resort sale activities. There are time management issues, revenue management issues, and other related issues, emerging from various seasons’

Political systems and economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Political systems and economics - Essay Example The society is viewed as a mesh of different people vying for different interests, that the art of reasoning, ruling and governance among the others, is essential to unify the society to act to a common vote, to pursue a certain interest. It explains how the governing political body and its directives affect the collective behavior of the players in the society Economics' parameters are set on scarcity, the use of incentives, the application of efficient economic tools and models, all to satisfy and suffice human's current and future wants and needs. Economics lies on maximizing and making sound decisions to make efficient use of existing scarce resources. Nothing in life is free, as explained by the concept of opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is the value foregone in pursuit of another activity or good of interest. Everything individuals do has a tradeoff. An individual's Economic decisions are motivated by incentives, a mechanism which motivates decisions and activities. Economics is different from political systems in the sense that, economics could go on forever without laying a hand on it to make it work; and in its continuity, it is only susceptible to its own natural dynamics. Politics now depends on the intervention and control of men. While economics seeks to explain occurrences through long-wearing principles, politics is just mainly an experimental, temporary tool in human affairs. "One (economics) is amoral, the other (politics) is moral" ("Economics versus Politics"). Both political science and economics acknowledges the participants in the society's selfish interests, that, control of which is delivered by laws and punishment in lieu of political science, and motivated by incentives and disincentives in lieu of economics. Economics, unlike political science though, is tackled like one of the exact sciences through the use of models, equations and numerical treatment to explain or forecast the situations governing and a society. ("Economics versus Politics") The book chapter is posing the challenges of the economic environment, and such may be seen as problems to solve, to outwit. QUESTION 2: Feudalism is a socio-political system wherein land and land-based assets determine an individual's social status. Land ownership entitles the owners of the manors-now equivalent to villages-exclusive rights to their lands, spending decisions with their money and other assets and administering homage for their serfs and vassals ("Feudalism and Medieval Life"). Serfs, peasants, vassals and landlords are the primary movers in the social structure and the king played only a representative role in the society. Serfs are the tenants sustained by the landowners. They are at the foot of the social structure. They serve their landowners who are responsible for their sustenance. He's devoid of tangible property and his marriage is subject to the landowner's permission ("Feudalism and Medieval Life"). Vassals are the more privileged than serfs. They have a certain amount of freedom although they live poor lives. They comprise 10-60 families living on a community. Landlords or barons ruled the manors, which pertains to the villages during the Middle Ages. The landlords serve as the local administrator of their lands and numerous serfs and vassals serve and protect him, as he is also accountable to them. Due to the Black Plague, The hundred year war and the

Clostridium Botulinum (Microbial form and function) Essay

Clostridium Botulinum (Microbial form and function) - Essay Example Clostridium botulinum Introduction Clostridium botulinum  is a gram positive, anaerobic, spore forming rod bacillus that produces exotoxin (protein), which paralyses the nervous system (Solomon and Lilly 2001). Botulinum spores are found distributed in mud, sewage, soil, marshy sediments in coastal areas and lakes, vegetables, fruits and in intestines of fishes and animals. Under specific condition, this bacterium may also grow in foods creating neurotoxin(s). When these toxin-containing foods are consumed, it results in a medical condition clinically referred to as botulism, which often causes death. The botulinum toxin produced by the Clostridium bacteria is the most poisonous substance found in the world, where 1 gram is potent enough to kill nearly 30 billion mice (Dilbaghi and Sharma 2007: 22). This Briefing Paper will aim to: a) present a brief background on Clostridium botulinum and nature of the toxin produced by it; b) the positive and negative aspects of the toxicity, how this toxicity acts and what is the treatment; c) review the therapeutic use of toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum (Botox) Discussion Background on Clostridium botulinum Clostridium botulinum is widely present in soil, and grows best under conditions where there is low oxygen. They can produce spores, which helps them to remain dormant until favourable conditions are available that support their growth. Clostridium botulinum is â€Å"sensitive to low pH (